The Cooum River (Tamil: ??????? ) is one of the shortest shortest streams that flows into the Bay of Bengal. This river has a length of about 72 km, flowing 32 km in the City and the rest in the countryside. This river is highly polluted in urban areas (Chennai). Along with the Adyar River running parallel to the south, the river shook the city and separates Northern Chennai from Central Chennai.
The source is in place of the same name 'Cooum' or 'Koovam' in the Tiruvallur district adjacent to the district of Chennai.
Classification of polluted part of polled Vs
Fecundized Section: Paruthipattu Anaikat to Mouth River in Bay of Bengal. Unaffected Section: The Origins of Cooum Village to Paruthipattu Anaikat.
In Chennai district, the river flows through three company zones - Kilpauk, Nungambakkam and Triplicane - with a total length of 16 kilometers (10 mi).
Due to the intensive upstream use of surface water for agriculture, groundwater recuperation that causes a decrease in basin flow in the river, the formation of sand bars at the mouth of the river, discharges of untreated waste and industrial waste and encroachment along riverbanks, rivers, especially downstream, have been very polluted.
Video Cooum River
Histori
Cooum was formerly known as the Triplicane River. The name Cooum seems to come from Tamil literature. Its name may be derived from the term Tamil coopam which means 'good' or 'deep hole'. The word coovalan shows someone with experience in groundwater, well water, and stagnant water.
Once the river is said to have originated in Dharmapuri district, but now due to some changes in the Earth tables, it has shortened its course to the Thiruvallur district. The ancient documents from the nearby temples state about 'achieving salvation' while swimming in Cooum. Cooum River then clean and not polluted.
Over the centuries, Cooum has become an integral part of the city's socio-economic and cultural life. Until the beginning of the twentieth century, it was a clean river, best suited for navigation. In ancient times, he played an important part in the maritime trade that was very far between the Roman Empire, South India, and Sri Lanka. Cooum's proximity to the ancient port of Manarpha or Mylapore added to the river's strategic importance. Manarpha is often visited by Roman merchants who come here to buy Indian textiles, gemstones and spices. In return, India earned gold, silver, copper, and high-quality wine from the Romans. Archaeologists have discovered ancient wine jars, Roman coins and Chinese on the banks of the river. At the end of the 18th century, Pachaiyappa Mudaliar, a famous philanthropist, bathed in the river before offering a prayer at Komaleeswarar Temple at Komaleeswaranpet.
Cooum River and the nearby Elambore River (or North River), which flows to Cooum in his mouth, walk very close to each other near the former Central Jail area opposite Chennai Central. During the flood, both streams flooded the whole area. In the 1700s, the two rivers were connected by a piece to equalize floods on both rivers and bridges built between these rivers in 1710 across the street.
The contaminated part of Cooum is currently spoiled by dirt and pollution, and water quality is considered to be highly toxic and completely non-drinkable. The 2004 tsunami cleaned the mouth of the river; However, the river returns to itself which is usually polluted in a short time. However, Unspoiled Parts are still used for drinking water needs from many villages on the edge of polluted parts of the cooum river.
Maps Cooum River
Origin and of course
The Cooum River comes from a village of the same name in the Tiruvallur district, some 70 kilometers (43 miles) from Chennai, although it embarked on the main route in the village of Sattarai, about 65 kilometers (40 miles) from Chennai. Flowing through Poonamallee, it enters the Chennai District in Arumbakkam after meandering for about 54 kilometers (34 mi). Then pass through some of the oldest residential areas for 18 kilometers (11 mi) such as Choolaimedu, Chetpet, Egmore and Chintadripet, where the river channel is about 30 meters (98Ã, ft) wide. Close to Egmore, the river fork becomes two - the north and south arms - the two join again near the Napier bridge, thus forming an island, known as Grounds Island. The northern part of the Buckingham Channel joined Cooum near the old Central Jail while the southern part of the same canal emerged from the river, just behind the Madras University campus. The river eventually merged with the Bay of Bengal south of Fort St. George, just under the Napier Bridge. After the source of fresh water, this is now a drainage course within the city of Chennai, collecting a surplus of 75 small tanks from a small basin. The total length of the river is about 65 kilometers (40 mi). The river flows to a length of 40 kilometers (25 miles) in the Chennai Metropolitan Area, which is 16 kilometers (10 miles) down within Chennai's district boundary. The total catchment area of ​​the river is about 400 square kilometers (150 m²), and the width of the bed ranges from 40 to 120 meters (130 to 390 feet). The capacity of the river is 19,500 cubic meters per second (690,000 cuÃ, ft/s), and the anticipated flood discharge is about 22,000 cubic meters per second (780,000 cuÃ, ft/s). After the river fisherman, he has bears the burden of an unplanned city explosion. Kesavaram Dam diverts the river to Lake Chembarambakkam from where water is used for drinking water supply to the city of Chennai. After that, the flow of water in the river is much reduced.
Three ancient Shiva temples are located at the source of the river. The first is Tiruvirkolam, in the village of Cooum, and the other in Ilambaiyankottur. The third is the shrine of Thiruverkadu Shiva. Koyambedu temple is also on the edge. These temples have been featured in Thevaram sung by Saivite saint Thirugnana Sambandar. There is another temple called Veerebathrasami temple. The god in the temple is known as "Akoramoorthy". The temple is located in Pillayarkuppam, 2 kilometers (1.2 million) from the village of Cooum. In ancient Tamil Nadu, under the Chola Empire, the Cooum river is referred to as Kashtabudhyotpathihi . They all formed a group of villages called "padhinaru nattham". The river flowing into the Bay of Bengal at Chepauk in Chennai marks the northernmost boundary of Marina Beach. Delta also marks the southern boundary of Chennai Harbor.
The width of the river path varies 35-150 meters (115 to 492 feet), which covers areas occupied by slums.
Island and river mouth
The big island on the river trip is Grounds Island in Chennai less than a kilometer from the mouth. The river is divided into two near Chinthadripet and encircles a plot of land isolating from the surrounding land before it flows into the eastern sea. However, the mouth of the river is not too wide and does not have a small island. The mouth of the river has a running groy with a total length of nearly 250 meters (820 feet). The opening between the groynes is about 170 meters (560 ft) to facilitate tidal action. The impact of tidal water carrying sea water is felt almost 3 kilometers (2 mi) in the river. Currently, the river must be cleaned periodically to prevent sand deposits near the mouth of the river, close to the Napier bridge, which is removed at frequent intervals using at least two machines to facilitate tidal action and avoid flooding. About 80,000 cubic meters (2,800,000 cuÃ,ft) of sand was eliminated in 2010-11.
Bridge
There are nine large bridges built over the river. This is the Napier Bridge, Wallajah Bridge, Periamet Bridge, Chintradripet Bridge or St. Andrew Bridge, Harris Bridge, Head-Commander-on-Road Bridge, Highway Road Bridge, Tank Spur Bridge and Aminjikarai Bridge. In addition to this there are several small bridges built across the river. The Chennai corporation maintains about 13 of these bridges.
A new bridge across the river that connects Golden George Nagar in Mogappair with Nerkundram is being built by the state highway department at a cost of INR 113 million. Work begins in August 2010 and is expected to be completed by March 2013. The 10-span bridge is approximately 110 meters (360 feet) wide and nearly 24 meters wide (79 × ft), accommodating six-lane traffic, with space for bicycles and walkers feet.
Flora and fauna
According to scientists, circa 1950, Cooum had 49 species of fish, and by the late 1970s, it was reduced to 21 species. However, on the date, there is no fish in the river, because of the toxic pollutants found in river water.
Pollution
The river was narrow, calm, slow, and meandering. The river is mainly fed by the discharge of tanks and water bodies and has seen a steady decline in fresh water over the years, the main reason for its current condition. However, Cooum's core problem is that sandbars, the river mouth near the Napier Bridge are blocked almost all the time, preventing river water from flowing into the ocean. This eventually creates a river, within an 18km stretch of the central district, a stinking septic tank.
The river study was undertaken as part of a World Bank-funded project and showed that it is 80 percent more polluted than sewer discharged. Fish can survive in water for only 3 to 5 hours even after the sample is diluted. There are traces of heavy metals such as copper and pesticides such as endosulfan and lindane in them. Sources of the Department of Public Works said government agencies such as Chennai Corporation and business units and retail outlets on the riverside were responsible for the pollution. Water hardly has dissolved oxygen, and instead there are traces of heavy metals such as copper, in addition to waste and mud. Because of its narrowness and about 3,500 illegal ocers along its banks, it has recently become deserted, which has closed it with river traffic. As of 2003 enumeration, about 9,000 families lived along the river, in addition to 450 shops and commercial buildings. There are 700-odd dots on the banks of the river where waste flows directly into the river. There are 127 waste disposal identified to the river, from which 85 is used.
Nearly 30 percent of about 55 million liters (15,000,000 US gallons) of untreated waste are dumped into Chennai's daily waterways, including by the Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board, into the Cooum river. About 60 percent of untreated waste into the Buckingham Channel and Adyar River take the rest. In 2010, approximately 340 sewage discharges to water channels were identified. Among them, over 130 sewerage channels are on the Cooum River and the majority of them are between Aminjikarai and Nungambakkam. In some places in areas like Maduravoyal, over 7 tons of municipal waste is being dumped in the river every day.
Fortunately, another 42 km from this river is still unpolluted (until 2015), which can be used to transport water to Chennai and to store drinking water for the needs of Chennai. There is a large amount of sand deposits on the edges of polluted parts of the cooum river that can rejuvenate groundwater in some of the riverside villages.
Cleanup
According to records available in state public departments, efforts to restore waterways first began in 1872 under the UK. The earliest recorded proposal was debated in 1890. After Independence, then great minister CN Annadurai launched the Kooum Repair Scheme at a cost of INR 19 million in September 1967, six months after the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) ruling party for the first time in the state, when M. Karunanidhi was the PWD minister. The project consists of mounting regulators and sand pumps at the mouth of the river, protecting the river side with concrete slabs from Chetput bridge to Napier Bridge, providing roads on both sides of the river, removal of encroachment on river banks and, more importantly, diversion of waste. In addition, seven boat docks were built. In February 1973, when Karunanidhi became the chief minister, he launched a cruise ship service at a cost of INR 22 million, and roving boats, powered boats and paddle boats were made available for a nominal fee. However, the effort was in vain when the sand pumps experienced obstacles. Incidentally, the piers built for that purpose are still by the river.
In 1996, when the DMK returned to power, the government made another offer - this time covering all important water flows, including the Buckingham and Adyar Canals. This resulted in the implementation of the INR 12,000-million Chennai Municipal River Conservation Project (CCRCP) in January 2001, substantially supported by the Union Environment and Forests Ministry. This time, the new project aims to capture waste disposal and strengthen sewer networks. However, this also does not produce the desired results because the project does not include the Tiruvallur district, which accounts for 54 kilometers (34 miles) of the river bed.
After DMK took over again in May 2006, Cooum's eco-restoration again surfaced. To facilitate the implementation of the project, the Chennai River Authority, headed by the Deputy Chief Minister, was formed in December 2009 to clear the entire river basin in 10 years. It aims to coordinate the implementation of various projects.
In 2010, the Tamil Nadu government signed a memorandum of understanding with the Singapore Cooperation Enterprise (SEC), a Singaporean agency for restoration projects. The agency prepared the initial report after discussions with various project stakeholders including Chennai Corporation, municipal government, Metrowater, Pollution Control Board, Supervisory Board and public works department.
Currently there is a World Bank-funded World Bank-funded Modernization and Water Recovery Project to clear the river, where the upstream river is proposed to close. The World Bank has approved INR 224.1 million for Cooum's restoration project on the development of irrigation potential. Improving the efficiency of irrigation from upstream Cooum is one of the main objectives of the project. The upper river areas, especially the Kancheepuram and Thiruvallur districts, will benefit from this special fund.
A team from Chennai has visited San Antonio in Texas to see how they managed to clean up the polluted river. The team consists of former Deputy Chief Minister M. K. Stalin, former Mayor of Chennai M. Subramaniam and other senior officers. One of the city's dream projects is to clean up the river on or before 2020. This initiative has been taken by the Central and State governments to clear the river and rediscover the fun of traditional boat racing. The Chennai River Restoration Trust (CRRT) has asked the Chennai Company to draw up a plan of action to remove debris of construction dumped on the banks of the river.
The Department of Water Resources (WRD) began to water the Cooum stretch of 30 kilometers (19 mi) in December 2010, which initially released about 5.7 cubic meters per second (200Ã, Â ° c/s) of surplus water from the Poondi reservoir to river..
In September 2011, WRD began cleaning up the river at a cost of INR 10.2 million and work was expected to be completed within two weeks.
In 2012, the government allocated INR 3,000 million towards the construction of 337 municipal sewage cleaning systems in the city, including 105 locations on the Cooum river. Others include 49 points on the Adyar river and 183 locations on the Buckingham Canal.
More developments
The visitor center near the mouth of the river at Marina Beach, similar to the Marina Barrage Visitor Center in Singapore and the San Antonio Visitor Center in the United States, has been planned as part of an initiative to create awareness of the need for clean water channels.
In 2011, the Tamil Nadu Shipping Association plans to build a marina at the mouth of the Cooum river along the south bank, where cruises and yachts can be anchored. The 300-million INR Project involves first building the breakwater at sea so that the waters in the marina are calm and the boats do not keep up and down with the influx of waves. However, by-catch is a more important function - breakwaters will prevent silting and blocking the mouth of the river, resulting in water flowing into the ocean. This project has not been approved by the State Government. Dock facilities will come on the river, but other features of the project, such as a boat repair facility, a base for the Coastal Tamil Nadu coast, and a sailing academy, will be put up at the bank. In 2013, an estimate to set up a sailing and marina center to accommodate 24 yachts has increased to INR 450 million.
A trail of nature along the river has been proposed to plan the ecological plans that have been prepared by the Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure and Restricted Financial Services (TNUIFSL). The project is planned from the College Road Bridge to the Chetpet bridge by the Chennai River Restoration Trust given the region's undisturbed biodiversity for decades. According to the design of ecological plans, flowering species such as Indian almonds, black wings, sacred fruit, madras spines, Indian mulberry, neem, banyan, magizham, Indian cork tree, punnai , < i> sirukkambil , karumugai , shenbagam , bayur tree, kadamba , pavazha malli , vetiver grass , palmorasa, agave, lemongrass, and subab are part of species along the nature trail that will play a role in erosion management. The nature trail will be based on an elevated boardwalk model with "natural wood without compression" and "plastic reinforced fibers". In and out will be at College Road near the DPI complex. Regardless of the parking facilities at the DPI location, stretching along the road between the entry point and the Higher Education Road Bridge will be limited to additional parking. Five points located at intervals of 200 meters (660 ft) along the road have been selected to set up a break-out area including one for the canopy path. The facility has been planned without electrical equipment and has been designed as a "day trail".
It is proposed that the Chennai Metro rail should be built about 30 meters (98 feet) under a river bed. The line from the High Court area of ​​Madras reaches the Central metro station in front of the Ripon Building, across the river and passes under the Chintadripet neighborhood to reach the underground station in the new secretariat at Anna Salai. The tunnel for the metro rail should be made without cutting the ground, with a giant machine that drills the tunnel when the river flows over. Custom artificial tunnel drilling machines costing INR 600 million each have been imported from Germany for that purpose.
The occasional water current
During the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, an empty waterway allowed it to take most of the incoming sea water. Some people say this will not be possible if the river has flowing full.
In November 2005, three days of heavy rain poured down the waste and cleaned up the river, and the river seemed clear for a short time. Egret and cormorant birds are also quoted in droves to the river for feasting on fish. The river floods water at a rate of about 21,500 cubic meters per second (760,000 cubic feet/sec).
Legacy
Poetry 1928 by V. H. Shipley describes the river as follows:
Also see
- The Adyar River
- Kosasthalaiyar river
- Water management in Chennai
Reference
External links
- District Profile - River
- Cooum River Pollution
- History of the Cooum River
- The Cooum is related to purity
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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