United Parcel Service ( UPS ) is an American multinational package delivery company and supply chain management solution provider. The global logistics company is headquartered in the US city of Sandy Springs, Georgia, which is part of the Greater Atlanta metropolitan area.
Along with the central package delivery operations, the UPS brand name (in the same form as the FedEx competitor) is used to show many divisions and subsidiaries, including cargo companies (UPS Airlines), cargo-based freight operations (UPS Freight), formerly Overnite Transportation) and retail-based packaging and delivery centers (UPS Store).
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Histori
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On August 28, 1907, James Casey founded American Messenger Company with Claude Ryan in Seattle, Washington, with $ 100 debt. Most shipments are currently made on foot and bicycles are used for longer trips.
The American Messenger Company focuses primarily on shipping packages to retail stores with special delivery letters sent to its largest US Postal Service clients. In 1913 the company acquired Model T Ford as the first delivery vehicle. Casey and Ryan join competitors, Evert McCabe, and form Shipping Parcel Merchants . Consolidated deliveries are also introduced, combining packets destined to a specific environment into one delivery vehicle. In 1916, Charlie Soderstrom joined Merchants Parcel Delivery brought more vehicles to the growing shipping business. In 1919 the company expanded for the first time outside Seattle to Oakland, California and changed its name to United Parcel Service . The change of name to United Parcel Service is to remind the expansion of the company that the operation is still United under the same organization and Parcel identifies the type of business offered as part of Parcel > Services . General carrier service was obtained in 1922 from a company in Los Angeles, California. UPS is the only company in the United States that offers general carrier services. At the first general operator was limited to a small area around Los Angeles but in 1927 expanded to an area up to 125 miles outside the city. In 1924 conveyor belt systems were brought in to handle packages for UPS operations.
In 1930, joint services began in New York City, and soon thereafter in other major cities in the East and Midwest. The use of common carriers for shipping between all customers places the UPS in direct competition with the United States Postal Service and Interstate Trade Commission. General carrier services are applied in cities where UPS can use services without the ICC's authority and the country's trade commission. The first city for UPS that uses public transport status outside California is Chicago, Illinois in 1953.
Air service via UPS was first used in 1929 via private flights. However, The Great Depression and the lack of ending air service volume. In 1953 UPS resumed an air service called UPS Blue Label Air with a two-day service to major cities along the East Coast and West Coast.
Expansion and diversification
In 1975, UPS moved its headquarters to Greenwich, Connecticut and began serving all 48 adjoining states in the United States. The operation expanded to all 48 countries making UPS the first packet delivery company to serve every address in the Continental United States. UPS went international in 1975 establishing operations in Canada and in 1976 an operation was established in Germany. On February 28, UPS Ltd. (later changed to UPS Canada Ltd.) began operations in Toronto, Ontario. UPS Canada headquarters is located in Burlington, Ontario. In 1976, UPS established a domestic operation in West Germany.
The UPS Next Day Air Service was launched in 1985 for 48 states plus Puerto Rico. In 1988, UPS Airlines was launched with authorization from the Federal Aviation Administration. UPS Airlines became the fastest growing airline in FAA history and is currently the 10th largest airline in the United States. Domestic air service was added to Germany in 1989. In 1991, UPS moved its headquarters to Sandy Springs, Georgia, a suburb of Atlanta. In 1992, UPS acquired Haulfast and Carryfast and recruited their UPS Supply Chain Solutions. Haulfast provides a freight and truck network for the CarryFast group of companies. In 1993 UPS sent up to 11.5 million packages and documents per day.
The large volume of UPS customers in the 1990s made UPS develop new technologies for better efficiency. A handheld device called the Delivery Information Acquisition Tool (DIAD) was created to record and upload shipping information to the UPS network as soon as it was taken by any UPS driver. In 1992, UPS began tracking all shipments electronically. In 1994, UPS.com made its debut, and provided the perfect interface to make what is primarily internal operational information available for customer access. In 1995, UPS acquired SonicAir to offer service logistics and compete with Choice Logistics. In the same year UPS launched UPS Logistics Group to facilitate global supply chain management solutions and consultation for customer needs. In 1997, a walkout by 185,000 Teamsters members turned off UPS for 16 days. In 1998, UPS Capital was established to enable the company to expand its business through a comprehensive menu of integrated financial services through UPS. UPS acquired Challenge Air in 1999 to expand its operations in Latin America.
On November 10, 1999, UPS became a public company.
21st century
In 2001, UPS acquired. Mail Boxes Etc., Inc. In 2003, about 3,000 Mail Boxes Etc., Inc. renamed The UPS Store.
In 2004, UPS entered the heavy goods delivery business with the purchase of Menlo Worldwide Forwarding, a former subsidiary of Menlo Worldwide. UPS branded it as UPS Supply Chain Solution. The purchase price is US $ 150 million and the assumption is US $ 110 million in long-term debt. On August 5, 2005, UPS announced that it has completed the acquisition of a truck carrying less than one truck (LTL) of Overnite Transportation worth US $ 1.25 billion. It was approved by FTC and Overnite shareholders on August 4, 2005. In 2005, UPS offered non-stop shipping service between Guangzhou and USA. On April 28, 2006, Overnite officially became UPS Freight. On October 3, 2005, UPS completed the purchase of LYNX Express Ltd, one of the largest independent parsel operators in the United Kingdom, for £ 55.5 million (US $ 97.1 million) upon receipt of approval for transactions from the European Commission. The operation of the first combined car package center, in Dartford, Kent, opened in 2006.
On August 28, 2007, United Parcel Service celebrated its 100th anniversary. All Nippon Airways, a Star Alliance member, and UPS formed a cargo and code-share alliance to transport member cargo in 2008, similar to airline alliances. On March 19, 2012, UPS announced that it intends to acquire TNT Express for $ 6.8 billion, in a move to help expand its presence in the European and Asian markets. However, the deal fell in January 2013 after it was announced that UPS had failed to obtain permission from the European Commission and thus had been blocked on the basis of competition. In February 2012, UPS acquired a company headquartered in Brussels, Kiala, which provides an e-commerce retailer option to deliver goods to a conventional retail location.
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Operation
The main business of UPS is the timely delivery of packages and documents around the world. In recent years, UPS has expanded its service portfolio to include less than trucking (LTL) transport (mainly in the US) and supply chain services. UPS reports its operations in three segments: Domestic US Package operations, International Package operations, and Supply Chain & amp; Cargo operations.
AS. Domestic Packages
The US Domestic Packages package includes timely delivery of letters, documents and packages across the United States.
International Packages
International Package operations include shipments to over 220 countries and regions worldwide, including shipments entirely outside the United States, as well as shipments with origin or distribution outside the United States.
Supply Chain & amp; Transport
Supply Chain & amp; Transportation (UPS-SCS for UPS Supply Chain Solutions) includes forwarding operations and UPS logistics contracts, UPS Freight, and other business units. UPS forwarding and logistics businesses provide services in over 175 countries and territories worldwide, and include the design, implementation and management of global supply chains, cargo shipping and distribution, customs brokers, letters and consulting services. UPS Freight offers a range of services for less than trucks ("LTL") and trucks ("TL") for North American customers.
Other business units in this segment include The UPS Store and UPS Capital.
- Trailer/railway reporting signs: UPGX, UPGZ, UPOZ, UPSZ, UPWZ, UPSC, UPSU, NONZ
- SCAC NMFTA code: UPS, UPSN, UPSC
Personnel structure
UPS employs approximately 444,000 staff: 362,000 in the US and 82,000 internationally. Approximately 240,000 UPS drivers, package handlers and clerks are represented by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. During the 1997 United Parcel Service attack, the only national strike of the company in its history, which lasted 16 days, Timster President Ron Carey negotiated a new contract for the workers.
Chief executive
- 1907-1962, James E. "Jim" Casey
- 1962-1972, George D. Smith
- 1972-1973, Paul Oberkotter
- 1973-1980, Harold Oberkotter
- 1980-1984, George Lamb
- 1984-1990, John W. Rogers
- 1990-1997, Kent C. "Oz" Nelson
- 1997-2001, James P. Kelly
- 2002-2007, Michael L. "Mike" Eskew
- 2008-2014, Scott Davis
- 2014-now, David Abney
Competitors
Major competitors in the United States include the US Postal Service (USPS) and FedEx, as well as US regional carriers such as OnTrac, Eastern Connection and LSO, formerly known as Lonestar Overnight. In addition to these domestic airlines, UPS competes with various international operators, including Canada Post (and its subsidiaries, Purolator), TransForce, Deutsche Post (and its subsidiaries DHL), Royal Mail, Japan Post, India Post and many other regional airlines. , national postal service and air cargo handling (see Shipping package and Mail page).
Historically, most UPS competitions come from inexpensive ground-based delivery services, such as Parcel Post (USPS) or Choice Logistics. But in 1998 FedEx expanded into the land packet delivery market by acquiring RPS (originally the Road Package System) and changed its name to FedEx Ground in 2000. In 2003, DHL expanded its operations in the US by acquiring Airborne Express, significantly increasing its presence in America United, and added more competition in the ground delivery market. In response to this, UPS partnered with the US Postal Service to offer UPS Mail Innovations, a program that allows UPS to retrieve email & amp; packets separately from the main landline network and transfer them to USPS centers, or destination delivery units (DDU), for final distribution. This process is also known as the skipping zone, long used by Parcel Consolidators. The UPS also has a separate product called "SurePost" which uses the UPS Ground network to send packets to the nearest UPS Package Center, which transfers them to USPS DDU for "last mile" shipments.
Recently, the ongoing growth of online shopping combined with increased awareness of the role of transport (including package deliveries) on the environment has contributed to emerging competition from specialized operators or renewed brands. For example, the US Postal Service claims "eco-friendly delivery" of the package under the assumption that USPS mail delivery is sent to each US address six days a week, and therefore offers the lowest fuel consumption per shipment. Other operators, such as ParcelPool.com, specializing in delivering residential packages to APO/FPO addresses, Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico and other US Territories, emerged in response to growing demand from catalog retailers and online e-tailers for low cost the residential shipping service fits perfectly with the standard of service typically associated with the delivery of more expensive packages that are accelerated.
Transportation
Delivery vans
UPS refers to the delivery van as "packaged car". The company uses several design and size of the package car, depending on the route and volume of the package. The rounded design of fiberglass hoods from the UPS package car was patented by the company in 1965. Morgan Olson (Grumman Olson), Union City Body, and Utilimaster produced corpses for the delivery of UPS vans; Older vehicles are based on Ford or General Motors P-chassis, while the package cars introduced since the 1990s are based on Freightliner, Navistar, or Workhorse chassis. Initially, UPS delivery vehicles are equipped with manual and steering transmissions, although many new vehicles are updated with automatic transmissions. In the tent redesign of 2010, the rounded-nose design has been removed; the sealed spotlight has been replaced with an automotive-sourced composite headlight unit that enters the hood.
Along with large shipment deliveries, for smaller routes, the company uses brown-shipped delivery vehicles based on off-the-shelf production vehicles, including minivans (including Ford Transit Connect and Dodge Grand Caravan) and Mercedes-Benz (Dodge/Freightliner ). ) Sprinter box van. UPS has ordered Modec electric cars for UK and German fleets. Energy costs play a big role in the profitability potential of package delivery companies like DHL and FedEx.
When UPS ground vehicles reach the end of their useful lifetime and are no longer roadworthy (typically 20-25 years or more, but generally when structural integrity of the body is disrupted), they are almost always stripped of reusable parts, repainted with household paint. to cover the trademark, and then sent to the trash to be crushed and broken down. The only exception to this policy is when the package car is painted white for internal use, usually in large hubs. Before disposal, UPS trucks and trailers are assigned ADA Automotive Destruction Authorization numbers and must be destroyed under the supervision of UPS Automotive personnel, noting the destruction of vehicles, as UPS does not resell its land vehicles.
UPS package car (delivery van) is a major symbol of the US business world, with its icon status referenced in ad campaigns early in the 2000s after UPS sponsorship Dale Jarrett at the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series: the ad is about how companies would prefer to race more trucks than cars stock despite the futility of doing it, like "people like trucks".
Trailer-tractor
UPS usually refers to a package of ground tractor-trailer as a "feeder"; This vehicle is different from the Freight UPS fleet. In line with the delivery vehicle, almost all UPS tractor units are painted in Pullman brown clothing. Prior to the 1990s, many tractors consisted of a cabin crew configuration; when the long legislation trailer was revised in the United States, the company switched to the use of a conventional style semitractor. By 2017, almost all UPS semitractor fleet consists of conventional cabin trucks.
In North America, UPS uses a truck fleet of several manufacturers, including Mack Trucks (Pinnacle and Vision) and Navistar (International ProStar and 9900i), along with PACCAR vehicles (Kenworth T800, T660 and T680). Older vehicles in the fleet include Ford/Sterling tractors (Aeromax/A-Line), Freightliner (Argosy, end-use trucks used by UPS); Mack CH and International 8100 tractors are in the process of being removed. As part of company policy to avoid advertisement or support from vehicle manufacturers, whenever possible, the manufacturer's emblem and badge are removed when the vehicle enters service.
Previous trucks used by UPS include Ford L9000, Ford Aeromax, International 8100/8200, International 9670, GMC Astro, Peterbilt 362, Ford L9000, Ford Aeromax, WhiteGMC High Cabover/Commander Road II, Mack CH, Mack MH UltraLiner, Mack F , and Diamond T/Diamond Reo cabovers. At one time, UPS used electric powered truck (made by White Motors) for shipping in Manhattan, NYC. There are only a few hundred of them, but they are famous for their "spooky silence" when running.
Painted light gray, the semitrailers company is distinguished by a large UPS emblem on the front side of the trailer; Newer trailers are distinguished by the fitment of trailer skirts. Designed in several configurations, the UPS uses several trailer lengths (28, 45, 48, and 53 feet). Along with standard flat-bottom van trailers, there are drop-frame trailers (mostly being removed from fleets) and trailer-on-flatcar trailers (TOFC); the latter is a trailer designed to be transported in a railroad car.
Depending on state and provincial regulations, many short UPS trailers are pulled together.
Bicycle
In 2008, UPS began recruiting bike delivery personnel in Vancouver, Washington, and in several cities in Oregon (Portland, Salem, Corvallis, Eugene, and Medford).
Train
UPS contracts with several railroad companies in the United States to provide intermodal transportation for cargo.
Airline carrier
UPS Airlines consists of 236 aircraft serving more than 200 countries and territories worldwide. Based in Louisville, Kentucky (where Worldport, the air center around the world), UPS Airlines operates several major hubs throughout the United States. In addition to Worldport, the largest UPS hub in the United States is located in Rockford, Illinois (Chicago) and Philadelphia.
Outside North America, the hubs in Cologne, Germany serve Europe; in Asia, UPS Airlines operates facilities in Hong Kong and two hubs in mainland China.
The company announces daily non-stop flights from Louisville, KY to Dubai as part of their expansion making Dubai Airport their logistics center for the Middle East, Africa and Indian Sub-continent.
Company brand
Brown
The brown color UPS used on the vehicle and its uniform is called Pullman Brown . The company founder James E. Casey initially wanted the company's vehicle to use a yellow paint scheme, but one of its partners, Charlie Soderstrom, stated that the yellow vehicle would be hard to keep clean and the Pullman train car was brown for that reason.
During the 2000s, the company used the familiarity of the color scheme in the advertising slogan: "What can Brown do for you?"
Font
UPS commissioned FutureBrand brand consultants to develop their own font, UPS Sans , for use in marketing and communications materials. UPS Sans is made by altering certain parts of the FSI FontShop International FF Dax font without permission. This has resulted in an agreement between FSI FontShop International and FutureBrand to avoid litigation.
Environmental recordings
In 2013, UPS has more than 104,900 vehicles operating worldwide including nearly 7,000 alternative fuel vehicles. In May 2008, UPS ordered 200 hybrid electric vehicles (adding 50 units at the time) and 300 compressed natural gas (20% more fuel efficient, and adding 800 already owned) vehicles from Daimler Trucks North America. The company added 200 hybrid electric vehicles to its fleet by 2016.
UPS received a "striding" rating of 80 points out of 100 total on an environmental scorecard by the Climate Count Group for its efforts to reduce the company's impact on the environment. UPS has also been awarded the Clean Air Excellence Award by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for its alternative fuel program.
In October 2009, UPS became the first small package operator to offer customers the opportunity to purchase carbon offsets to neutralize greenhouse gas emissions generated by transporting their packages. Although initially only available on ups.com and high volume senders, they are now widely available through UPS shipping systems and UPS Ready third-party delivery systems.
Controversy
On May 26, 2017, a federal judge ordered United Parcel Service to pay nearly $ 247 million in damages and fines for illegally sending large numbers of non-worn cigarettes in New York.
See also
- Big Brown - 2008 Kentucky Derby and Pitchness Stakes winner; named company
- MaxiCode - A UPS develops and exploits square symbols such as barcodes that appear on their package labels
- James E. Casey - Founder of UPS
References
Further reading
- Brewster, Mike and Frederick Dalzell. Drive Changes: UPS Approach for Business (2007) text search and quotes
- Thomas L. Friedman, "Insourcing," in The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century , New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, updated and expanded, 2006, pp.Ã, 167-176.
- Minchin, Timothy J., "Big Brown Shutting Down": Revisiting UPS Strikes in 1997 and the Providence of American Labor, " Workforce History , 53 (November 2012), 541-60.
- Niemann, Greg. Big Brown: Untitled Story from UPS John Wiley & amp; Children, 2007
- Allen, Joe, The Package King: Rank and File History United Parcel Service,
External links
- Official website
- How the UPS Courier Company operates on YouTube
- Yahoo! - United Parcel Service, Inc. Company Profile
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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