Pixar Animation Studios , commonly referred to as Pixar ( ), is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville, California which is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, owned by The Walt Disney Company. Pixar started in 1979 as Graphics Group, part of Lucasfilm's computer division, before spin-out as a company in 1986, with funding by Apple Inc. founder Steve Jobs, who became the majority shareholder. Disney bought Pixar in 2006 with a $ 7.4 billion valuation by converting each Pixar share to 2.3 Disney shares, a transaction that made Jobs the single largest shareholder of Disney at the time. Pixar is best known for feature animated CGI movies created with RenderMan, Pixar's own implementation of the industry-standard rendering application rendering application interface, which is used to produce high-quality images.
Pixar has produced twenty widescreen movies, starting with Toy Story (1995), which is the first animated feature film computer, and the most recent is Incredibles 2 (2018). ). All 20 films have debuted with CinemaScore rating of at least "A-," showing a positive reception with the audience. The studio also produces dozens of short films. As of June 2018, feature films have earned about $ 12 billion at worldwide box office, with a worldwide gross of $ 634 million per movie. Finding Nemo (2003), along with its sequel Finding Dory (2016), as well as Toy Story 3 (2010) is one of the 50 best-selling movies all time, with the last film being the third-best-selling animated film of all time for a total of $ 1,063 billion. Fourteen Pixar movies are also among the 50 most successful animated films of all time.
The studio has received nineteen Academy Awards, eight Golden Globe Awards, and eleven Grammy Awards, among many awards and other gratitude. Many Pixar films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature since its inauguration in 2001, with nine victories; These include Finding Nemo and Toy Story 3 , along with The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille Wish (2012), Inside Out (2008), Up , and Coco (2017). Monster, Inc. (2001) and Cars (2006) are just two films nominated for the award without winning it, while Cars 2 /i> (2013), The Good Dinosaurs (2015), Finding Dory (2016), and Cars 3 (2017) are not nominated. Up and Toy Story 3 are also the second and third animated films to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, the first of which is Walt Disney Animation Studios' Beast (1991). Luxo Jr., the character of the 1986 short film entitled, is the studio mascot.
On September 6, 2009, Pixar executives John Lasseter, Brad Bird, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion award for Lifetime Achievement by the Venice Film Festival. This award was given by Lucasfilm's founder, George Lucas.
Video Pixar
Histori
Sejarah awal
Pixar started in 1974 when founder of New York Institute of Technology (NYIT) Alexander Schure, who is also the owner of a traditional animation studio, founded Computer Graphics Lab (CGL), recruited computer scientists who shared his ambitions about creating the world's first computer animated film. Edwin Catmull and Malcolm Blanchard were the first to be hired and soon joined Alvy Ray Smith and David DiFrancesco a few months later, who were the original four members of the Computer Graphics Lab. Schure continued to pour money into a graphical computer lab, about $ 15 million, giving the group everything they wanted and driving NYIT to serious financial problems. Finally, the group realized that they needed to work in a real movie studio to achieve their goals, and when George Lucas approached them and offered them a job in his studio, six employees decided to move to Lucasfilm. Over the following months, they gradually withdrew from CGL, found a temporary job for about a year to avoid making Schure suspicious, before they joined The Graphics Group at Lucasfilm.
The Graphics Group, which is one-third of the Lucasfilm Computer Division, was launched in 1979 by employing Catmull from NYIT, where it is responsible for the Computer Graphics Lab. He then reunited with Smith, who also traveled from NYIT to Lucasfilm, and became director of The Graphics Group. At NYIT, the researchers pioneered many CG foundation techniques - especially the discovery of alpha channels (by Catmull and Smith). Years later, CGL produced several frames of an experimental film called The Works . After moving to Lucasfilm, the team works to create precursors for RenderMan, called REYES (to "translate everything you've ever seen") and develop a number of important technologies for CG - including "particle effects" and various animation tools.
In 1982, the team began working on a series of special effects films with Industrial Lights & amp; Magic. After years of research, and important milestones such as the Genesis Effects in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan and the Stained Glass Knights at Young Sherlock Holmes , the group, which then numbered 40 person, was spun as a company in February 1986 by Catmull and Smith. Among the remaining 38 employees, there are also Malcolm Blanchard, David DiFrancesco, Ralph Guggenheim, and Bill Reeves, who have been part of the team since the time of NYIT. Tom Duff, also a member of NYIT, will join Pixar after its formation. With Lucas' 1983 divorce, which coincided with a sudden drop in revenue from Star Wars licensed after the release of Jedi, they knew he was likely to sell the entire Graphics Group. Fearing that employees would lose them if that happened, which would prevent the creation of the first computer animated film, they concluded that the best way to keep the team together was to turn the group into an independent company. But Moore's Law also says that the first film is still a few years away, and they need to focus on the right product while waiting for the computer to be strong enough. Finally, they decided they had to become a hardware company in the meantime, with their Pixar Image Computer as the core product, a system that was primarily sold to government agencies and the scientific and medical community.
In 1983, Nolan Bushnell founded a new computer animation studio called Kadabrascope as a subsidiary of Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theater (PTT), founded in 1977. Only one major project was created from a new studio, an animated Christmas film for NBC which stars Chuck E. Cheese and other PTT mascots. The animation movement will be created using tweening rather than traditional cel animation. After the North American Crash Video Games of 1983, Bushnell began selling some of PTT's subsidiaries to keep the business afloat. Sente Technologies (another division, established to distribute games in PTT stores) is sold to Bally Games and Kadabrascope is sold to LucasFilm. The Kadabrascope asset is combined with the LucasFilm Computer Division. Coincidentally, one of Steve Jobs's first jobs was under Bushnell in 1973 as a technician at another company, Atari, which Bushnell sold to Warner Communications in 1976 to focus on PTT. PTT would then go bankrupt in 1985 and be acquired by ShowBiz Pizza Place.
The new independent Pixar (1986) is headed by Edwin Catmull as President and Alvy Ray Smith as Executive Vice President. While looking for investors, Steve Jobs showed interest, but at first Lucas found his offer too low. But finally he accepted after it was not possible to find other investors. At that time Smith and Catmull had been rejected 45 times; thirty-five venture capitalists and 10 large companies have declined. Jobs, who has just been fired from Apple, and now founder and CEO of the new computer company NeXT, paid $ 5 million of his own money to George Lucas for technological rights and invested $ 5 million in cash as capital to the company, joining the board of directors as chairman.
In 1985, while still at Lucasfilm, they had made a deal with Japanese publisher Shogakukan to make a computer animated movie called Monkey, based on the Monkey King. The project continued some time after they became a separate company in 1986, but in the end it became clear that the technology did not exist yet. The computer is not strong enough and the budget is too high. So it was decided to focus on the computer hardware business in a few years while waiting until Moore's law made the computer animation feature possible.
At that time Walt Disney Studios was interested and finally bought and used Pixar Image Computer and special software written by Pixar as part of their Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) project, to migrate the painstaking ink and paint part of the 2D animation process to the method which is more automated.
In an effort to drive system sales and increase company capital, Jobs suggested making the system available to key users and releasing products to the market. Pixar Employee John Lasseter, who has been working on short non-profit demonstration shows, such as Luxo Jr. (1986) to showcase the capabilities of the device, showcase its creations at SIGGRAPH, the industry's largest graphics convention computer, for great fanfare.
However, Computer Images never sold well. Inadequate sales threatened to keep the company out of business due to increased financial losses. Jobs invested more money with increased stock exchange in the company, reduced the proportion of management and employee ownership until finally, his total investment of $ 50 million gave him control over the entire company. In 1989, the animation department that developed in Lasseter, originally consisted of only four people (Lasseter, Bill Reeves, Eben Ostby, and Sam Leffler), was transformed into a division that produced computer animated advertisements for outside companies. In April 1990, Pixar sold its hardware division, including all of its proprietary hardware and imaging technologies, to Vicom Systems, and moved 18 out of about 100 Pixar employees. In the same year, Pixar moved from San Rafael to Richmond, California to Burbank, California. Pixar released some of its software tools on the open market for Macintosh and Windows systems. RenderMan was one of the leading 3D packages in the early 1990s, and Typestry is a special-purpose 3D text renderer competing with RayDream addDepth.
During this period Pixar continued its successful relationship with Walt Disney Feature Animation, a studio whose parent company will eventually become its most important partner. However, since 1991, layoffs of 30 employees in the company's computer hardware department - including the company president, Chuck Kolstad, reduced the number of employees to just 42, essentially the original amount. But Pixar made a $ 26 million historic deal with Disney to produce three animated feature films of computers, the first being Toy Story. At that time the software programmers, who performed RenderMan and IceMan, and the animation department of Lasseter, who made television commercials (and four Luxo Jr. shorts for Sesame Street in the same year), were all that left of Pixar.
Despite the total revenue from these projects the company continues to lose money and Jobs, as chairman of the board and now the full owner, is often considered selling it. Even until 1994 Jobs considered selling Pixar to other companies such as Hallmark Cards, Microsoft founder Paul Allen, and Oracle CEO and co-founder Larry Ellison. It was only after learning from New York critics that Toy Story might be a hit - and confirming that Disney would distribute it for the 1995 Christmas season - whether he decided to give Pixar another chance. For the first time, he also took an active leadership role in the company and made himself CEO. Toy Story went on to gross over $ 373 million worldwide and, when Pixar held its initial public offering on November 29, 1995, it surpassed Netscape as the largest IPO of the year. In just the first half hour trading of Pixar stocks ranging from $ 22 to $ 45, delaying trading due to improper purchase orders. Stocks rose to $ 49 before closing the day at $ 39.
During the 1990s and 2000s, Pixar gradually developed "Pixar Braintrust," the studio's premier creative development process, in which all studio directors, authors, and storyboard artists looked at their respective projects regularly and gave each other very candid " notes "(an industry term for constructive criticism). Braintrust operates under the philosophy of film-driven studios, where creatives help each other to move their film forward through a process somewhat similar to peer reviews, as opposed to the traditional Hollywood approach of "executive-driven studios "in which the board of directors is micro-managed through a" compulsory record "of executive development rankings above producers. According to Catmull, it evolved from a working relationship between Lasseter, Stanton, Docter, Unkrich, and Joe Ranft at Toy Story .
As a result of the success of Toy Story , Pixar built a new studio on the Emeryville campus designed by PWP Landscape Architecture and opened in November 2000.
Disney subsidiary (2006-present)
Pixar and Disney are at loggerheads over production of Toy Story 2 . Originally intended as a direct release to the video (and thus not part of the Pixar three image deal), the film was eventually upgraded to theatrical release during production. Pixar demanded that the film be counted into a three-picture agreement, but Disney refused. Although favorable to both, Pixar later complained that the arrangement was unfair. Pixar is responsible for manufacture and production, while Disney handles marketing and distribution. Profits and production costs are split 50-50, but Disney exclusively has all the right stories, characters and sequels and also collects 10 to 15 percent distribution fees. The lack of a story, character and sequel rights may be the hardest aspect for Pixar and set the stage for a controversial relationship.
The two companies sought to reach a new deal for ten months before falling in January 2004. The new deal is only for distribution, because Pixar is meant to control production and has a story, character and self-produced sequel while Disney will have the first right of refusal to distribute any sequel. Pixar also wants to finance their own film and collect 100 percent of the profits, paying Disney only a distribution fee of 10 to 15 percent. More importantly, as part of a distribution agreement with Disney, Pixar demanded control over films already produced under their old agreements, including Incredibles (2004) and Cars (2006). Disney considers this condition unacceptable, but Pixar will not give up.
The disagreement between Steve Jobs and then-Disney chairman and CEO Michael Eisner makes negotiation more difficult than it should be. They were completely destroyed in mid-2004, with Disney forming Circle 7 Animation and Jobs stating that Pixar is actively seeking partners other than Disney. Despite this announcement, Pixar did not enter into negotiations with other distributors, although a Warner Bros. spokeswoman told CNN, "We would love to do business with Pixar, they are a great company." After a long hiatus, the negotiations between the two companies resumed after Eisner's departure from Disney in September 2005. In preparation for a potential fallout between Pixar and Disney, Jobs announced in late 2004 that Pixar would no longer release a movie at Disney-dictated November time frame, but during the more favorable early summer months. It will also allow Pixar to release DVDs for their major releases during the Christmas shopping season. The additional benefit of delaying the Car from 4 November 2005, to 9 June 2006, is to extend the remaining timeframe on the Pixar-Disney contract, to see how things will play between the two companies.
Waiting for Disney's acquisition of Pixar, the two companies made a distribution deal for the 2007 release that Ratatouille intended, if the acquisition failed, to ensure that this one movie will still be released through the Disney distribution channel. Unlike previous Pixar deals, Ratatouille is still a Pixar property and Disney will only accept distribution fees. The settlement of the Pixar Disney acquisition, however, canceled this distribution arrangement.
In 2006, Disney finally agreed to buy Pixar about $ 7.4 billion in an all-stock deal. Following the approval of Pixar shareholders, the acquisition was completed on May 5, 2006. The transaction boosted Steve Jobs, who owns 49.65% of Pixar's total shares, to Disney's largest individual stakeholder with 7%, $ 3.9 billion, and a new seat on its board of directors. The new Disney ownership of Jobs exceeds the ownership of former CEO Michael Eisner, the previous top shareholder, who still holds 1.7%; and Director of Disney Emeritus Roy E. Disney, who holds nearly 1% of the company's shares. Pixar shareholders receive 2.3 shares of Disney common stock for any portion of the Pixar common shares redeemed.
As part of the agreement, John Lasseter, then Executive Vice President, became Chief Creative Officer (reporting directly to President and CEO Robert Iger and consulting with Disney Director Roy E. Disney) from Pixar and Walt Disney Animation Studios (including DisneyToon Studios division ), as well as the Main Creative Adviser at Walt Disney Imagineering, who designed and built the company's theme park. Catmull maintains his position as President Pixar, while also President of Walt Disney Animation Studios, reports to Bob Iger and Dick Cook, chairman of The Walt Disney Studios. Steve Jobs's position as chairman and chief executive of Pixar was abolished, and instead, he took his place on Disney's board of directors.
After the deal closed in May 2006, Lasseter revealed that Iger realized that Disney needed to buy Pixar while watching the parade at the opening of Hong Kong Disneyland in September 2005. Iger saw that of all the Disney characters in the parade, none of the characters Disney had created in ten last year because all the more recent ones have been made by Pixar. Upon returning to Burbank, Iger commissioned a financial analysis that confirmed that Disney had lost money on animation over the past decade, then presented the information to the board of directors at his first board meeting after being promoted from COO to CEO, and the council, in turn, gave him the authority to explore possible deal with Pixar. Lasseter and Catmull were wary when the topic Disney bought Pixar first appeared, but Jobs asked them to give Iger a chance (based on his own experience negotiating with Iger in the summer of 2005 for ABC's rights to the fifth generation iPod classic), and in turn, Iger assured they are about the sincerity of his enlightenment that Disney really needs to focus back on animation.
Lasseter and Catmull's surveillance for both Disney Animation and Pixar studios does not mean that the two studios are joining. In fact, additional conditions are laid out as part of the deal to ensure that Pixar remains a separate entity, an analyst expressed concern about the Disney deal. Some of these conditions are Pixar HR policy will remain intact, including the lack of employment contracts. Also, Pixar's name is guaranteed to continue, and the studio will remain at Emeryville, California, currently with the "Pixar" sign. Finally, the post-merger branding will be "DisneyoPixar" (starting with Car ).
Jim Morris, producer of WALL-E (2008), became Pixar's general manager. In this new position, Morris took over the management of facilities and studio products everyday.
After several years, Lasseter and Catmull successfully transferred the basic principles of Braintrust Pixar to Disney Animation, although the Disney Story Trust meeting was reportedly "more polite" than Braintrust Pixar. Catmull then explained that after the merger, to retain the identity and separate culture of the studio (apart from the fact of common ownership and general senior management), he and Lasseter "pulled hardliners" that each studio was solely responsible for its own projects and would not allowed to borrow personnel from or lend tasks to others. The rule ensures that every studio maintains a "local ownership" of the project and can be proud of its own work. So, for example, when Pixar had problems with Ratatouille and Disney Animation had problems with Bolt (2008), "nobody saved them" and every studio needed "to solve the problem own "even when they know there are personnel in other studios that can theoretically help.
In November 2014, Morris was promoted to president of Pixar, while his colleague at Disney Animation, general manager Andrew Millstein, was also promoted to studio president. Both continue to report to Catmull, who retains the title as president of Disney Animation and Pixar.
On November 21, 2017, Lasseter announced that he took a six-month hiatus absence after admitting a "misstep" in his behavior with the employee in a memo to the staff. According to The Hollywood Reporter and The Washington Post , Lasseter has a history of alleged sexual harassment of employees. On June 8, 2018, it was announced that Lasseter would leave Disney and Pixar at the end of the year, but would take a consulting role up to that point. Pete Docter was named chief creative officer Pixar as Lasseter's successor on June 19, 2018.
In December 2017, it was announced that considering the proposed 21st Century Fox acquisition by Disney, 20th Century Fox computer animation studio, Blue Sky Studios will be the brothers studio for Pixar and Disney Animation.
Expansion
On April 20, 2010, Pixar opened Pixar Canada in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Approximately 2,000 square meters of studio produces seven short films based on Toys and Characters of Character and Car Story . In October 2013, the studio closed to refocus Pixar's efforts at its headquarters.
Maps Pixar
Headquarters (campus)
When Steve Jobs, Apple Inc.'s chief executive officer. and Pixar, and John Lasseter, executive vice president of Pixar, decided to move their studio from the rented space at Point Richmond, California, to a larger place, they chose a 20-acre site in Emeryville, California, formerly occupied by Del Monte Foods , Inc. The first of several buildings, a high-tech structure designed by Bohlin Cywinski Jackson, has a special foundation and generator to ensure continuous film production, even through earthquakes. The character of the building is meant to abstractly remember the past of the Emeryville industry. Steel buildings and two-story walls are collaborative spaces with many paths.
The digital revolution in filmmaking is driven by applied mathematics, including computational physics and geometry. In 2008 this made Pixar senior scientist Tony DeRose offer to host the second Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival at Emeryville headquarters.
Feature movies and shorts
Tradition
While some of Pixar's first animators are ex-cel animators, including John Lasseter, they also come from computer animation or fresh college graduates. A large number of animators who formed the animation department at Pixar were hired around the time Pixar released A Bug's Life (1998), Monsters, Inc. (2001) and Finding Nemo (2003). Although Toy Story is a successful film, it was Pixar's first film at the time, becoming the first major computer-animation studio to successfully produce theatrical films. The majority of the animation industry (and still is) is located in Los Angeles while Pixar is located 350 miles (560 km) north of the San Francisco Bay Area. Also, traditional hand-drawn animations are still the dominant medium for animated films.
With the scarcity of Los Angeles-based animators who are willing to move their families so far north, submit traditional animations, and try computer animations, new Pixar employees now either come directly from campus or have worked out the animation feature. For those with traditional animation skills, Pixar Marionette animation software is designed for traditional animators to require a minimum of training before they become productive.
In an interview with PBS talk show host Tavis Smiley, Lasseter said that Pixar's film follows the same self-improvement theme as the company itself: with the help of friends or family, the character ventures out into the real world and learns to appreciate friends and family. In essence, Lasseter said, "It should be about the growth of the main character and how he changed."
In 2016, every feature film Pixar produced for Disney has included characters voiced by John Ratzenberger, who has been famous for starring in the TV show Cheers. Pixar rewarded their "lucky amulets" at the end of the Cars loan (2006) by parodying scenes from three previous films, replacing all characters with motor vehicles. After the third scene, Mack (his character at Cars ) realizes that the same actor has voiced the character in every movie.
Because of the traditions that have occurred in films, such as anthropomorphic animals and crossover Easter eggs between films that have been stained by fans, a blog post titled The Pixar Theory published in 2013 by Jon Negroni proposes that all the characters in the world Pixar are intertwined.
Sequels and prequels
Toy Story 2 was originally commissioned by Disney as a straight-to-video 60-minute release. Expressing his doubts about the power of matter, John Lasseter convinced the Pixar team to start from scratch and create their third full feature film sequel.
After the release of Toy Story 2 in 1999, Pixar and Disney have gentlemen's agreement that Disney will not make a sequel without Pixar's involvement, regardless of their own right to do so. After the two companies were unable to agree a new deal, Disney announced in 2004 that they would plan to advance with a sequel with/without Pixar, and enter Toy Story 3 into pre-production in Disney's new CGI division. Circle 7 Animation. However, when Lasseter was placed in charge of all Disney and Pixar animations after the 2006 company merger, he suspended all sequels and Toy Story 3 was canceled. In May 2006, it was announced that Toy Story 3 was back in pre-production with a new plot and under Pixar control. The film was released on June 18, 2010, as the eleventh feature feature film Pixar.
Shortly after announcing the rise of Toy Story 3, Lasseter sparked speculation about the next sequel by saying, "If we had a great story, we would have a sequel." Cars 2 , Pixar's first sequel, Toy Story , was officially announced in April 2008 and released on June 24, 2011, as the twelfth. Monsters University , a prequel for Monsters, Inc. (2001), announced in April 2010 and originally set for release in November 2012; the release date is pushed until June 21, 2013, due to Pixar's past success with a summer release, according to a Disney executive.
In June 2011, Tom Hanks, who voiced Woody in the Toy Story series , implies that Toy Story 4 is "in the works," even though it has not been confirmed by the studio. In April 2013, Finding Dory , a sequel of Finding Nemo , was announced for release June 17, 2016. In March 2014, Incredibles 2 and Cars 3 was announced as a movie under development. In November 2014, Toy Story 4 was confirmed under development with Lasseter serving as director. In an interview, Lasseter stated that "[a] many people in the industry see us doing a sequel as for that business, but for us it is purely passionate... One of the things that is so important to me as an artist will continue to lead. I am directing, I can work with each artist, with an animator. "In August 2015, at D23 Expo, Lasseter said that the film will focus on the romance between Woody and Bo Peep. The story will be built on the fact that Bo Peep is absent at Toy Story 3, with Woody and Buzz Lightyear trying to find it and bring it back.
Adaptation to television
Toy Story is the first Pixar film adapted to television, with the Movie and TV series Buzz Lightyear of Star Command . Car became the second with the help of Car Toons , a series of short 3-to-5 minute movies running between regular Disney Channel shows and Mater displays (tow trucks voiced by comedian Larry the Cable Guy). Between 2013 and 2014, Pixar released two of its first television specials, Toy Story of Terror! and Toy Story That Time Forgot . Television series spin-off Monsters, Inc. confirmed in a Disney press release in November 2017.
Animation and live action
All Pixar movies to date are computer animated features, but WALL-E is by far the only fully animated Pixar movie, as it features a little live-action snippet. 1906 , a live-action movie by Brad Bird based on James Dalessandro's scenario and novel about the 1906 earthquake, is under development but has since been abandoned by Bird and Pixar. Bird has stated that he "is interested in moving into direct action with some projects" while "staying in Pixar [because] it's a very comfortable environment for me to work on."
The Toy Story Toons short, Hawaiian Vacation also includes fish and sharks as live-action.
Jim Morris, general manager of Pixar, produces the Disney movie John Carter (2012), written and directed by Andrew Stanton Pixar.
Pixar assists in the development of the Disney's The Jungle Book (2016) story, as well as provides suggestions for the final credit order of the movie.
Pixar's representatives also help English localization of some Studio Ghibli movies, especially those from Hayao Miyazaki.
Upcoming projects
In November 2014, it was announced that John Lasseter would direct Toy Story 4, scheduled for release on June 21, 2019. However, in July 2017, it was announced that Lasseter had resigned as a director, with Josh Cooley serving as the sole director.
Two unpublished Pixar movies have been scheduled for March 6 and June 19, 2020, which are said to be original projects.
In April 2017, another upcoming movie that has not been announced was announced and is scheduled for release June 18, 2021. In July 2017, it was announced that Dan Scanlon would direct the original film about "suburban fantasy world" where two teenage brothers searched for their lost father.
In March 2018, two more untitled movies were announced and scheduled for March 18 and June 17, 2022.
Franchise
Co-op Program
The Pixar Co-op program, part of Pixar University's professional development program, allows their animators to use Pixar resources to produce independent films. The first CGI project accepted for the program was Borrowed Time (2016); all previously received movies are live action.
Exhibition
Since December 2005, Pixar has held an exhibition to celebrate Pixar artists and artists, during their first twenty years of animation.
Pixar: 20 Years of Animation
Pixar celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2006 with the release of the seventh film Pixar, Cars , and held two exhibitions, from April to June 2010, at Science Center Singapore, at Jurong East, Singapore and London Science Museum , London. This is the first time they held an exhibition in Singapore.
The highlight of the exhibition consists of sketches of work from various Pixar productions, clay sculptures of their characters, and an autostereoscopic exhibit featuring a 3D version of exhibit pieces projected through four projectors. Another highlight is Zoetrope, where the exhibition visitors are featured in the real-life figures of Toy Story "animated" characters through zoetrope.
Pixar: 25 Years Animation
Pixar celebrates its 25th anniversary in 2011 with the release of its twelfth feature film, Cars 2 . Pixar has celebrated its 20th anniversary with the first Car . The Pixar: 25 Years of Animation exhibition was held at the Oakland Museum of California from July 2010 to January 2011. The exhibition tour debuted in Hong Kong and was held at the Hong Kong Heritage Museum in Sha Tin, between 27 March and 11 July 2011. In 2013, the exhibition was held at EXPO in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. During the 6 months from 6 July 2012 to 6 January 2013 the city of Bonn (Germany) held a public show, On November 16, 2013, the exhibition was transferred to the Art Ludique museum in Paris, France, with scheduled runs until March 2, 2014. The exhibit moved to three cities in Spain in 2014 and 2015: Madrid (held in CaixaForum from 21 March to 22 June), Barcelona (held also in Caixaforum from February to May) and Zaragoza.
Pixar: 25 Years of Animation covers all artworks from Pixar: 20 Years Animation , plus art from Ratatouille i>, Rise , and Toy Story 3 .
Science Behind Pixar
The Science Behind Pixar is the first mobile exhibition to open on June 28, 2015, at the Museum of Science in Boston, Massachusetts. It was developed by the Science Museum in collaboration with Pixar. The exhibition features forty interactive elements explaining the production pipeline at Pixar. They are divided into eight sections, each showing a step in the film-making process: Modeling, Rigging, Surface, Set & amp; Camera, Animation, Simulation, Lighting, and Rendering. Before visitors enter the exhibition, they watch a short video in the preliminary theater.
The exhibition closes on January 10, 2016, and moves to the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where it operates from March 12 to September 5. After that, he moved to California Science Center in Los Angeles, California and opened from October 15, 2016 to April 9, 2017. This made another stop at the Science Museum of Minnesota in St. Louis. Paul, Minnesota from 27 May to 4 September 2017.
Pameran dibuka di Kanada pada 1 Juli 2017 di TELUS World of Science - Edmonton (TWOSE).
Pixar: The Design of Story
Pixar: The Design of Story is an exhibition held at Cooper Hewitt, the Smithsonian Design Museum in New York City from 8 October 2015 to 11 September 2016. The museum also hosts presentations and conversations with John Lasseter on November 12, 2015 titled "Design With Hands: Pixar John Lasseter".
Pixar: 30 Years Animation
Pixar celebrates its 30th anniversary in 2016 and gathers other milestone exhibits. This exhibition first appeared at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Tokyo, Japan from March 5, 2016 to May 29, 2016. Then moved to the Nagasaki Prefectural Art Museum, National History Museum, Dongdaemun Plaza Design, ends on March 5, 2018 at the Hong Kong Heritage Museum.
See also
- List of Pixar staff
References
External links
- Official website
- Pixar Channels on YouTube
- Pixar Animation Studios on IMDbPro (subscription required)
- Pixar Animation Studios on The Big Cartoon DataBase
- List of 40 founding employees of Pixar
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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