Phoenix ( ) is the capital and most populous city in the US state of Arizona. With 1,626,078 people (by 2017), Phoenix is ​​the fifth most populous city in the whole country, the capital of the most populous state in the United States, and the only state capital with a population of over one million inhabitants.
Phoenix is ​​the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, which in turn is part of the Salt River Valley. The metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States, with approximately 4.73 million people by 2017. In addition, Phoenix is ​​the center of Maricopa County, and at 517.9 square miles (1,341 km 2 ), it is the largest city in the state, more than twice the size of Tucson and one of the largest cities in the United States.
Inaugurated in 1867 as an agricultural community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers, Phoenix was incorporated as a city in 1881. The city became the capital of Arizona in 1889. Located in the northeastern part of the Sonoran Desert, Phoenix has a hot desert climate.. Nevertheless, its channel system leads to a growing agricultural community, many of the original crops remaining a significant part of the Phoenix economy for decades, such as alfalfa, cotton, orange, and straw (which is important for the livestock industry). Cotton, cow, orange, climate, and copper are known locally as Phoenix's "Five C" economy. These industries remained the driving forces of the city until after World War II, when high-tech companies started moving into the valleys and air conditioning to make the summer heat of Phoenix more bearable.
The city's average population growth rate is four percent per year over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to mid-2000s. This growth rate slowed during the Great Recession of 2007-09, and has recovered slowly. Phoenix is ​​the cultural center of the Valley of the Sun, as well as the entire state.
Video Phoenix, Arizona
Histori
Sejarah awal
For more than 2,000 years, Hohokam people occupied the land that will become Phoenix. Hohokam created an irrigation canal along approximately 135 miles (217 km), making the desert land cultivable. These channel channels will be used for the modern Arizona Canal, the Central Arizona Project Channel, and the Hayden-Rhodes Stirrer. Hohokam also conducted extensive trade with Anasazi, Mogollon and Sinagua, as well as with a further Mesoamerican civilization. It is believed that between 1300 and 1450, periods of drought and severe floods caused the Hohokam civilization to leave the area.
After the departure of Hohokam, Akimel O'odham's group (commonly known as Pima), Tohono O'odham and Maricopa tribes began to use the area, as well as the Yavapai and Apache segments. The O'odham is a branch of the Sobaipuri tribe, which in turn is considered a descendant of the formerly urban Hohokam.
Akimel O'odham is a Native American group in the area, and lives in small villages, with well-defined irrigation systems, scattered throughout the Gila River Valley, from Florence in the east to Estrellas in the west. Their harvests include corn, beans, and pumpkins for food, while cotton and tobacco are also cultivated. Most of the group peacefully, they did the band along with Maricopa for their joint protection against attacks by the Yuma and Apache tribes. Maricopa is part of the larger Yuma people; however, they migrated eastward from the lower Colorado and Gila Rivers in the early 1800s, as they began to hostile with their Yuma brothers, settling among the communities of Akimel O'odham.
Tohono O'odham lives in the area too, but their main concentration is to the south, and stretches all the way to the Mexican border. Living in small settlements, O'odham is a seasonal farmer who takes advantage of rain, rather than Akimel's large-scale irrigation. They plant crops such as sweet corn, tapery, squash, lentil, sugarcane, and cantaloupe, and utilize native plants, such as saguaro, cholla buds, mesquite tree nuts, and mesquite candy (sap from mesquite trees). They also hunted for local games like deer, rabbits, and javalina for meat.
When the Mexican-American War ended in 1848, Mexico handed the northern zone to the United States and the inhabitants of the territory became US citizens. The Phoenix area is part of the New Mexico Territory. In 1863, the mining town of Wickenburg was first established in what is now Maricopa County, northwest of modern Phoenix. At that time, Maricopa District was not yet incorporated: the land was within the Yavapai Territory, which included the city of Prescott north of Wickenburg.
The US Army created Fort McDowell on the Verde River in 1865 to prevent a Native American uprising. The fort built a camp on the south side of the Salt River in 1866, which was the first non-native settlement in the valley after the descent of Hohokam. In the following years, other nearby settlements will form and join the city of Tempe, but this community was founded after Phoenix.
Establishment and merge
The history of Phoenix begins with Jack Swilling, a veteran of the Civil War Confederation. In 1867, while traveling through the Salt River Valley, he saw the potential for farming, as the military had progressed further east, near Fort McDowell. He formed a small community that same year about four miles (six kilometers) east of the city. Lord Darrell Duppa, one of the original settlers in the Swilling party, suggested the name "Phoenix", because it depicts a city born from the ruins of a former civilization.
The Supervisory Board at Yavapai County, which at that time included Phoenix, officially recognized the new city on May 4, 1868, and the first post office was established the following month, with Swilling as the principal. On February 12, 1871, the territorial legislature created the District of Maricopa, the sixth formed in the Arizona Region, dividing the Yavapai County. The first election for the regional office was held in 1871, when Tom Barnum was elected the first sheriff, running without obstacles when two other candidates, John A. Chenowth and Jim Favorite, fought a duel where Chenowth killed Favorites, and was then forced to retreat. of the race.
The city grew during the 1870s, and President Ulysses S. Grant issued a land patent for the current Phoenix location on April 10, 1874. In 1875, the city had a telegraph office, sixteen saloons, and four dance halls, but " form of commissioner townsite-commissioner "requires a reshuffle, so the election year is held in which three village guardians, as well as several other officials, are elected. In 1880, the city's population reached 2,453.
In 1881, the continued growth of the Phoenix made the existing village structure with the supervisory board obsolete. The Territorial Legislature issued a "Charter of the Phoenix Charter", incorporating Phoenix and providing the mayor's governing council, which became official on 25 February 1881 when it was signed by Governor John C. Fremont, formally incorporating Phoenix as a city with an estimated population of 2,500.
In the 1880s, the arrival of trains in the Valley was the first of several important events that changed the economy of the Phoenix. Phoenix became the center of commerce, with its products reaching east and west markets. In response, the Phoenix Chamber of Commerce was held on November 4, 1888. Earlier in 1888 the municipal offices were moved to the new Town Hall, in Washington and Central. When the territorial capital was moved from Prescott to Phoenix in 1889, the interim territorial office was also located at City Hall. With the arrival of Santa Fe, Prescott, and the Phoenix Railroad in 1895, Phoenix connected with Prescott, Flagstaff, and other communities in the north of the region. Increased access to trade accelerated the economic growth of the city. The year 1895 also saw the establishment of the High School of Phoenix Union, with the registration of 90 people.
1900 to World War II
On February 25, 1901, Governor Murphy dedicated the permanent Capitol building, and the Carnegie Free Library was opened seven years later, on February 18, 1908, presented by Benjamin Fowler. The National Reclamation Act was signed by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1902, allowing dams to be constructed in western waterways for reclamation purposes. The first dam built under the law, Salt River Dam # 1, began in 1903. It supplied water and electricity, became the first multi-functional dam, and Roosevelt himself attended official devotion on May 18, 1911. At that time is the largest stone dam in the world, forming a lake on the mountain east of Phoenix. The dam will be renamed after Teddy Roosevelt in 1917, and the lake will follow suit in 1959.
On February 14, 1912, Phoenix became the state capital, when Arizona was accepted at Union as the 48th state under President William Howard Taft. This happened just six months after Taft vetoed a joint congressional resolution granting statehood to Arizona, due to his disagreement with the country's constitutional position on the withdrawal of judges. In 1913, Phoenix adopted a new form of government, transformed from the mayor's council system to council-manager, making it one of the first cities in the United States with this city form of government. After the state, the growth of Phoenix began to accelerate, and eight years later, the population had reached 29,053. In 1920, Phoenix will see its first skyscraper, the Heard Building. In 1929, Sky Harbor was officially opened, at the time owned by Scenic Airways. It was later purchased in 1935 by the city, which operates to this day.
On March 4, 1930, former US President Calvin Coolidge dedicated a dam on the Gila River named in his honor. However, the country has just passed a long drought, and the reservoir that should be behind the dam is almost dry. Humoris Will Rogers, who also attended as a guest speaker joked, "If it were my lake, I would cut it off." The Phoenix population has more than doubled during the 1920s, and now stands at 48,118. It was also during the 1930s that Phoenix and the surrounding area began to be called "The Valley of the Sun", which is the advertising slogan created to boost tourism.
During World War II, the Phoenix economy shifted to a distribution center, transformed into an "industrial city of embryo" with mass production of military supplies. There are three areas of air power in the area: Luke Field, Williams Field, and Falcon Field, as well as two large pilot training camps, Thunderbird Field No. 1 at Lightning Field and Thunderbird No. 2 in Scottsdale.
Post-World War II Explosive Growth
A city with more than 65,000 inhabitants in 1940 became the sixth largest city in America in 2010, with a population of nearly 1.5 million, and millions more in the nearest suburbs. When the war ended, many of the men who had undergone their training in Arizona again brought in their new family. Learning from this large untapped labor pool attracted many large industries to move its operations into the area. In 1948 the high-tech industry, which would become the country's economic principal, arrived in Phoenix when Motorola chose Phoenix for a new research and development center location for military electronics. Looking at the same advantages as Motorola, other high-tech companies such as Intel and McDonnell Douglas will also move into the valley and open manufacturing operations.
In 1950, more than 105,000 people lived in the city and thousands more in the surrounding community. The growth of the 1950s was driven by advances in air conditioning, allowing both homes and businesses to offset the extreme heat experienced in Phoenix and the surrounding area over a long summer. There was more new construction in Phoenix in 1959 alone than during the period over thirty years 1914-1946.
Like many American cities that emerged at the time, the spectacular growth of the Phoenix did not occur uniformly. Most of it takes place on the north side of the city, an area that is almost all Caucasian. In 1962, a local activist testified at the US Civil Rights Commission who heard that of the 31,000 homes that have recently sprung up in this neighborhood, none were sold to an African-American. The African American and Mexican-American communities of Phoenix are still largely exiled on the south side of the city. The color lines are so rigid that no one in the north of Van Buren Street will be hiring African-American baseball star Willie Mays, in town for spring training in the 1960s. In 1964, a reporter from The New Republic wrote about segregation in these terms: "Apartheid is done, the two cities look at each other on the golf course."
1960 to present
Rapid and continuous population growth causes more businesses into the valley to take advantage of labor pools, and manufacturing, especially in the electronics sector, continues to grow. The convention and tourism industry saw rapid expansion during the 1960s, with tourism being the third largest industry by the end of the decade. In 1960, the Phoenix Corporate Center opened; at the time it was the tallest building in Arizona, topping off at 341 feet. The 1960s saw many other buildings built as fast-growing cities, including the Rosenzweig Center (1964), today called Phoenix City Square, a landmark of Phoenix Financial Center (1964), as well as many high-rise Phoenix housing. In 1965 the Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum opened at Arizona State Fairgrounds, west of downtown. When Phoenix was awarded the NBA franchise in 1968, to be called the Phoenix Suns, they played their home game at the Coliseum until 1992, after which they moved to the America West Arena. In 1968, the Central Arizona Project was approved by President Lyndon B. Johnson, guaranteeing future water supplies to Phoenix, Tucson, and agricultural corridors in between. The following year, Pope Paul VI created the Phoenix Archdiocese on December 2, by splitting the Archdiocese of Tucson, with Edward A. McCarthy as the first bishop.
In the 1970s, the downtown area experienced a revival, with levels of construction activity not seen until the urban real estate boom of the 2000s. By the end of the decade, Phoenix adopted the Phoenix Concept 2000 plan that divided the city into urban villages, each with its own village core where greater heights and densities were allowed, further shaping a culture of free market development. Initially, there were nine villages, but this has been expanded to 15 over the years (see Cityscape below). It officially turned Phoenix into a city with many vertices, which would later be connected to the highway. The Phoenix Symphony Hall opened in 1972; Other major structures that see the city center of construction during this decade are the First National Bank Plaza, the Valley Center (Arizona's tallest building) and the Arizona Bank building.
On September 25, 1981, resident Phoenix, Sandra Day O'Connor broke the gender barrier at the US Supreme Court, when she was sworn in as the first fair woman. In 1985, Palo Verde Nuclear Power Station, the country's largest nuclear power plant, started power production. Pope John Paul II and Mother Teresa visited the Valley in 1987.
There was an influx of refugees due to low-cost housing in the Sunnyslope area in the 1990s, producing 43 different languages ​​spoken in local schools in 2000. The newly opened 20-storey townhouse in 1992.
Phoenix has maintained its successive growth in recent years, growing 24.2% before 2007. This makes it the second fastest growing metropolitan area in the United States, surpassed only by Las Vegas. In 2008, Squaw Peak, the second highest mountain in the city, was named Puncak Piestewa after Army Specialist Lori Ann Piestewa, an Arizonan and the first Native American woman who died in battle while serving in the US military, became the first victim of American women from the 2003 Iraq War. 2008 also saw Phoenix as one of the cities hardest hit by the subprime mortgage crisis, and in early 2009 the average home price was $ 150,000, down from a peak of $ 262,000 in 2007. The crime rate in Phoenix has dropped in some last year, and once troubled, the deteriorating environments such as South Mountain, Alhambra, and Maryvale have recovered and stabilized. Recently, downtown Phoenix and its center has experienced an increase in interest and growth, resulting in many restaurants, shops, and businesses that open or move to the Phoenix center.
Maps Phoenix, Arizona
Geography
Phoenix is ​​in the southwest United States, in the south-central part of Arizona; about halfway between Tucson to the southeast and Flagstaff to the north. By car, the city is approximately 150 miles (242 km) north of the US-Mexico border at Sonoyta and 180 miles (290 km) north of the border in Nogales. The metropolitan area is known as the "Valley of the Sun", because of its location in the Salt River Valley. It lies at an average height of 1,086 feet (331 m), in the northern part of the Sonoran Desert.
In addition to the mountains in and around the city, Phoenix topography is generally flat, allowing the city's main roads to run on the right grid with wide, highway with open distance. Scattered, low mountains surround the valley: McDowell Mountains to the northeast, White Tank Mountains to the west, Superstition Mountains far to the east, and both South Mountain and Sierra Estrella to the south/southwest. Mount Camelback, North Mountain, Sunnyslope Mountain, and Piestewa Peak are located in the heart of the valley. In the suburbs of Phoenix there are irrigated agricultural fields and native land of America. The Salt River flows west through the city of Phoenix, but the riverbed is often dry or contains little water due to large irrigation diversions. The Ahwatukee community is separated from the rest of the city by Southern Mountain.
According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​517.9 square miles (1,341 km 2 ). 516.7 square miles (1,338 km 2 ) of it is ground, and 1.2 square miles (0.6 km 2 , or 0.2%) of it is water. Although it is the fifth densest city, the large area provides a low density of approximately 2,797 people per square mile. By comparison, Philadelphia, the sixth most populous city, has a density of over 11,000.
Like most Arizona, Phoenix does not observe summer time. In 1973, Governor Jack Williams argued to the US Congress that since the air conditioning unit is not used as often in the morning at standard times, energy use will increase at night if the country pays attention to summer time. He went on to say that energy use will also increase in the morning "because there will be more lights in the morning." In addition, he said that summer time would cause children to go to school in the dark.
The sun rises around 7:29 am on December 21 and 5:19 am on June 21st. The sun sets at around 05:25 on December 21 and 7:41 on June 21st.
Cityscape
Nearby Areas
Since 1979, the city of Phoenix has been divided into urban villages, many of which are based on historically significant and historically significant communities and communities that have been annexed to Phoenix. Each village has a planning committee appointed directly by the city council. According to the village planning handbook issued by the city, the purpose of the village planning committee is to "work with the city planning commission to ensure the balance of housing and employment in each village, focusing development on the identified village core, and to promote the unique character and identity of the village- village. "There are 15 urban villages: Ahwatukee Foothills, Alhambra, Camelback East, Central City, Deer Valley, Desert View, Encanto, Estrella, Laveen, Maryvale, North Gateway, North Mountain, Heaven Valley, Rio Vista and South Mountain.
The urban village of the Valley of Heaven differs from the nearby Valley of Paradise. Although an urban village is part of Phoenix, the city is self-contained.
In addition to the above urban villages, Phoenix has a variety of areas and districts often called, such as Downtown, Midtown, Uptown, West Phoenix, Northern Phoenix, Southern Phoenix, Biltmore Area, Arcadia, and Sunnyslope.
Climate
Phoenix has a hot desert climate (climatic classification KÃÆ'¶ppen BWh ), typical of the Sonoran Desert. Phoenix has a long, hot summer, and short, mild to warm winter. It is located in the brightest region in the world. Measuring 3,872 hours of bright sunshine each year, Phoenix receives the most sunlight from major cities on Earth. The high average temperatures in summer are the hottest in major cities in the United States. On average, there are 107 days a year with a height of at least 100Ã, Â ° F (38Ã, Â ° C) including almost daily from late May to early October. Highs above 110Ã, Â ° F (43Ã, Â ° C) averages 18 days throughout the year. On June 26, 1990, the temperature reached a high point of 122 ° F (50 ° C). Despite claims the city for the most extreme heat in summer, however, it does not have the highest average annual temperature in the United States. In that case, he came second to Miami; Phoenix has an average daily temperature of 75 Â ° F (24 Â ° C), compared to Miami 77 Â ° F (25 Â ° C).
Unlike most desert locations that experience drastic fluctuations between day and night temperatures, the diurnal variations in the Phoenix diurnal are limited by urban heat island effects. As the city has grown, the average low summer temperatures have steadily increased. The daily heat of the sun is stored on the sidewalks, sidewalks, and buildings, and re-emitted at night. The normal daily low stays at or above 80Ã, Â ° F (27Ã, Â ° C) for an average of 67 days per summer. On July 15, 2003, Phoenix set a record for the lowest daily temperature, at 96 Â ° F (36 Â ° C).
The city averages about 300 days of sunshine, or more than 85% of the daytime hours per year, and receives less rainfall - the total annual average in Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport to 8.03 inches (204 mm). Rainfall is rare throughout the year, but the rainy season of North America brings a wave of humidity over the summer. Historically, the monsoon officially started when the dew point on average was 55Ã, Â ° F (13Ã, Â ° C) for three consecutive days - usually occurring in early July. To improve wind awareness and improve safety, the National Weather Service Agency decided that starting in 2008, June 15 will be the official "first day" of the rainy season, and will end on 30 September. When active, the monsoon wind generates moisture levels and can cause localized localized rain, flash floods, hail, destructive winds, and dust storms - which may rise to haboob levels within a few years.
July is the wettest month of the year (1.05 in (27 mm), while June is the driest (0.02 in (0.51 mm).) On September 8, 2014, the city of Phoenix recorded the largest amount of rainfall by The National Weather Service with 3.30 in (84 mm) broke the previous record of 75 years old 2.91 in (74 mm), set on September 4, 1939. The September 2014 storm was created from remnants of Hurricane Norbert who had moved from the Gulf California and flooded the city's major highways and lowways, leaving hundreds of riders stranded.Everly, dew points range from 31 ° F (-1 ° C) in December to 58 ° F (14 ° C ) in August.Sometimes, the dew point may rise to 76 ° F (24 ° C) or higher during periods of strong monsoon activity - creating very humid conditions in the area.
In general, the annual minimum temperature in Phoenix is ​​in the mid 30's. Rarely down to 32 Â ° F (0 Â ° C) or below, after doing so in just seven years between 1995--2015 for a total of sixteen days. However, remote parts of the greater Phoenix metropolitan area often see frost in the winter. The earliest recorded freeze occurred on November 4, 1956, and the most recent occurred on March 31, 1987. The lowest recorded temperature of all time in Phoenix was 16 ° F (-9 ° C) on January 7, 1913, while the temperature the coldest daily high ever recorded was 36 Â ° F (2 Â ° C) on December 10, 1898. The longest sustained expanse without a single day of ice in Phoenix has been more than 5 years, from 23 November 1979 to 31 January 1985. Snow is a which is very rare for Phoenix city. The first snowfall was officially recorded in 1898, and since then, the accumulation of 0.1 inches (0.25 cm) or larger has only occurred eight times. The heaviest snowfall recorded on 21-22 January 1937, when 1 to 4 inches (2.5 to 10.2 cm) fell in some parts of the city and did not melt entirely for three days. The latest significant snowfall occurred on December 6, 1998, across the northwest of the larger metro area. During the 1998 event, Sky Harbor reported snow dust. As of December 30, 2010 and February 20, 2013, graupel falls in most cities; although it is widely believed to be snow.
Flora dan fauna
While some of the original flora and fauna of the Sonoran Desert can be found within the city limits of Phoenix, most are found in suburban and undeveloped desert areas around the city. The original mammal species include coyotes, javelina, forest cats, mountain lions, desert bunny rabbits, forest rabbits, antelope, ground squirrel, mule deer, ponytail, coati, and several bat species, such as the Mexican tailed bats and western pipistrelle, which perched in and around town. There are many species of native birds, including the hummingbirds of the Costa, the hummingbirds of Anna, the Gambel quail, the Crazy Woodpecker, the mourning doves, the white-winged pigeons, the road runners, the cactus, and many species of raptors, including eagles, eagles, owls, vultures (like turkey vultures and black vultures), and hawks, including golden eagles and bald eagles.
This area is also home to most native reptile species including Western venom, Sonoran sidewinder, several other venomous snakes, Sonoran coral snakes, dozens of non-poisonous snake species (including Sonoran gopher snakes and California kingsnake). , crazy monster, thorny desert lizard, some whiptail lizard, chuckwalla, desert-horned lizard, western gecko, Sonora mud tortoise, and desert tortoise. Original amphibian species include the Spadefoot Sofa frog, Chiricahua leopard frog, and Sonora desert frog.
Phoenix and the surrounding area are also home to a variety of native invertebrates including the Arizona skin scorpion, giant woolly descent scorpions, Arizona blond tarantulas, Sonoran Desert slang, hawk tarantula bee, camel spider, and scorpion whip whip. The big concern is the presence of African bees which can be very dangerous - even deadly - when provoked.
The Arizona Highlands divide in the Sonora Desert (which is part of Phoenix) has "the most structurally diverse flora in the United States." One of the most famous types of succulents, the giant saguaro cactus, is found throughout the city and its surroundings. Other native species are organpipe, barrel, fishing rod, senita, prickly pear and cholla cacti; ocotillo; Palo Verde trees and foothills and blue paloverde; Palm fan California; agaves; soaptree yucca, spanish bayonet, desert spoon, and red yucca; Ironwood; mesquite; and creosote shrubs.
Many non-native plants also develop in Phoenix including, but not limited to, dates, Mexican fan palms, pineapple palms, Afghan pine, Canary Island pine, Mexican hedge cactus, cardon cactus, acacia, eucalyptus, aloe vera, bougainvillea, oleander , lantana, bottlebrush, olive, orange, and red birds of paradise.
The larger Phoenix area is home to the only wild population living from a reddish-faced collie in the United States. This bird is a popular bird cage, originating from southwestern Africa. Wild birds were first observed living outdoors in 1987, perhaps pets that were removed or removed, and by 2010 the Great Phoenix population had grown to about 950 birds. These lovebirds prefer an older neighborhood where they lodge under the leaves of a palm tree that is not seedless.
Demographics
Phoenix is ​​the sixth most populous city in the United States according to the US Census 2010, with a population of 1,445,632, making it the most populous state capital of the United States. The Phoenix ranking as the sixth most populous city is a decline from the number five position held since the US Census Bureau released a population estimate on June 28, 2007. The statistics use data from 2006, which shows the Phoenix population at 1,512,986, which puts it right in front of Philadelphia. In 2016, Phoenix re-occupied the fifth most populous city, with the census bureau estimating its population at 1,615,017, crawling out of Philadelphia with a population of 1,567,872.
After leading the US in population growth for over a decade, the subprime mortgage crisis, followed by a recession, caused a slowdown in the growth of Phoenix. There were about 77,000 people added to the Phoenix metropolitan area population in 2009, which dropped significantly from its peak in 2006 of 162,000. Despite this slowing, Phoenix population grew by 9.4% since the 2000 census (total 124,000), while the entire Phoenix metropolitan area grew by 28.9% over the same period. This compares with the overall national growth rate over the same time span of 9.7%. Not since 1940-1950, when the city had 107,000 people, the city gained less than 124,000 in a decade. Phoenix's recent growth rate of 9.4% of the 2010 census was the first time it recorded a growth rate below 24% within a decade of the census. However, by 2016, Phoenix once again became the fastest growing city in the United States, adding about 88 people per day over the previous year.
The Phoenix Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) (formally known as Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale MSA), is one of 10 MSA in Arizona, and is the 14th largest in the United States, with a total population of 4,192,887 in 2010 Census. Consisting of parts of both Pinal and Maricopa districts, the MSA accounts for 65.5% of the total population of the state of Arizona. Phoenix contributes only 13% to the total MSA growth rate, down significantly from 33% share over the previous decade. Phoenix is ​​also part of the Arizona Sun Corridor (MR) megaregion, which is the 10th most dense of 11 MR, and the 8th largest by area. It has the second largest growth by percentage of MRs (behind only MR Coastal Gulf) between 2000 and 2010.
The population is almost equally divided between men and women, with men forming 50.2% of the townspeople. The population density is 2,797.8 people per square mile, and the average age of the city is 32.2 years, with only 10.9 residents older than 62. 98.5% of Phoenix residents live in households with average household size average 2.77 people. There were 514,806 total households, with 64.2% of households consisting of families: 42.3% married couples, 7% with unmarried men as heads of households, and 14.9% with unmarried women as head of household. 33.6% of the households have children under the age of 18 years. Of the 35.8% non-family households, 27.1% of them had households living alone, almost equally divided between men and women, with women having 13.7% and men occupying 13.5%. % Phoenix has 590,149 housing units, with occupancy rate of 87.2%. The largest segment of vacancies is in the rental market, where vacancy rates are 14.9%, and 51% of all vacancies are in rental. An empty house for sale only accounts for 17.7% of vacancies, with the remainder shared between vacation properties and various other reasons.
The average income for households in the city is $ 47,866, and the average income for families is $ 54,804. Men have an average income of $ 32,820 versus $ 27,466 for women. The per capita income for the city is $ 24,110. 21.8% of the population and 17.1% of families are below the poverty line. Of the total population, 31.4% of those under the age of 18 and 10.5% of those aged 65 and older live below the poverty line.
According to the 2010 Census, Phoenix racial details are as follows:
- White: 65.9% (46.5% non-Hispanic)
- Black or African Americans: 6.5% (6.0% non-Hispanic)
- Native Americans: 2.6%
- Asia: 3.2% (0.8% India, 0.5% Philippines, 0.5% Korea, 0.4% China, 0.4% Vietnam, 0.2% Japan, Thailand, 0.1% Burma)
- Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0.1%
- Other races: 0.1%
- Two or more races: 1.7%
The Phoenix population is historically predominantly white. From 1890 to 1970, more than 90% of white citizens. In recent years, this percentage has declined, reaching 65% in 2010. However, a large part of this decline may be attributed to new guidelines issued by the US Census Bureau in 1980, when questions about Hispanic origin were added to the questionnaire census. This has caused an increasing tendency for some groups to no longer identify themselves as white, and instead categorize themselves as "other races". 20.6% of the city's population was born overseas in 2010. Of the 1,342,803 people over the age of 5, 63.5% speak only English, 30.6% speak Spanish at home, 2.5% spoke other Indo-European languages, 2.1% spoke Asian or Islander languages, with the remaining 1.4% speaking other languages. About 15.7% of non-English speakers reported speaking English less than "very good". The largest reported national ancestors were Mexico (35.9%), Germany (15.3%), Ireland (10.3%), UK (9.4%), Black (6.5%), Italy (4 , 5%), France (2.7%), Poland (2.5%), American Indians (2.2%), and Scotland (2.0%). Hispanic or Latin from any race reaches 40.8% of the population. Of these, the largest group is 35.9% Mexico, 0.6% Puerto Rico, 0.5% Guatemala, 0.3% Salvador, 0.3% Cuba.
According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, 66% of the urban population identified themselves as Christians, while 26% said there were no religious affiliations. The same study says that other religions (including Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism) collectively account for about 7% of the population. In 2010, according to the Religious Data Archives Association, which conducts a religious census every ten years, 39% of those surveyed in Maricopa county consider themselves members of a religious group. Of those who claimed religious affiliation, the religious composition of the area was reported as 35% Catholics, 22% for Protestant Evangelical denominations, 16% Latter-day Saints (LDS), 14% for nondenominational congregations, 7% for mainline Protestant denominations, and 2% Hinduism. The rest, 4% belong to other religions, such as Buddhism, and Judaism. While there was an overall increase in the number of adherents of religion during the 103,000 decade, which did not follow the overall rate of increase in the country's population over the same period, which increased by nearly three quarters of millions, resulted in a percentage decline. The largest aggregate increase was in LDS (58% increase) and Evangelical Protestant church (14% increase), while all other categories saw their numbers fall slightly, or remain static. Overall, the Catholic Church is down 8%, while mainline Protestant groups have decreased by 28%.
Economy
Phoenix's early economy focused primarily on agriculture and natural resources, depending on the "5C" of copper, cattle, climate, cotton, and oranges. With the establishment of the South Pacific railway in 1926, the opening of Union Station in 1923, and the creation of the Sky Harbor airport at the end of this decade, the city became more accessible. The Great Depression affected the Phoenix, but Phoenix had a diverse economy and in 1934 recovery was under way. At the end of World War II, the economy of the valley surged, as many people who had undergone their military training at various bases in and around Phoenix returned with their families. The construction industry, driven by the growth of the city, is increasingly widespread with the development of Sun City. It became a template for suburban development in America after World War II, and Sun City became a template for the retired community when it opened in 1960. The city averaged an annual growth rate of 4 percent over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s.
When the 2007-10 national financial crisis began, construction in Phoenix collapsed and housing prices fell. Arizona's work decreased 11.8% from peak to trough; in 2007 Phoenix had 1,918,100 individuals employed, in 2010 that number shrank 226,500 to 1,691,600. By the end of 2015, the number of jobs in Phoenix has increased to 1.97 million, ultimately regaining pre-recession levels, with job growth occurring across the board.
In 2014, the Phoenix MSA has a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of more than $ 215 billion. The top five industries are: real estate ($ 35.5B), Finance and insurance ($ 18.8B), manufacturing ($ 18.2B), Retail trading ($ 16.6B), and healthcare ($ 16.6B). The government, if it is a private industry, will rank third in the list, generating $ 18.9 billion.
In Phoenix, real estate developers face several obstacles when planning and developing new projects. Therefore, the city is vulnerable to over-development during times of economic prosperity. This explains the urban void level higher than the average.
In 2010, the top five job categories were office and administrative support (17.8%), sales (11.6%), food preparation and presentation (9%), transportation and material transfers (6.1%), and management 5.8%). The largest occupation is retail sellers, which constitute 3.7% of the workforce. As of January 2016, 10.5% of the workforce is a government employee, a large number because the city is the center of the city and the nation's capital. The civilian labor force is 2,200,900, and the unemployment rate reaches 4.6%.
Phoenix is ​​currently home to four Fortune 500 companies: the electronics company Avnet, the Freeport-McMoRan mining company, the PetSmart retailer, and the Republican service. Honeywell Space Division is headquartered in Phoenix, and this valley hosts many of their avionics and mechanical facilities. Intel has one of their largest sites in the region, employing around 12,000 employees, the second largest Intel site in the country. The city is also home to: U-HAUL International headquarters; Best Western; and Apollo Group, parents of the University of Phoenix. US Air/American Airlines is the largest airline at Sky Harbor International Airport in Phoenix. Mesa Air Group, a regional carrier group, headquartered in Phoenix.
The military has a significant presence in Phoenix, with Luke Air Force Base located on the western outskirts. The city is severely affected by the effects of sub-prime mortgage accidents. However, Phoenix has recovered 83% of jobs lost due to the recession.
Culture
Performing arts
The city has many performing arts venues, most of which are located in and around downtown Phoenix or Scottsdale. Phoenix Symphony Hall is home to the Phoenix Symphony Orchestra, Arizona Opera and Arizona Ballet. Company Arizona Opera also has an intimate performance at the new Arizona Opera Center, which opened in March 2013. Another place is the Orpheum Theater, which is home to the Phoenix Opera. The Arizona Ballet, next to Symphony Hall, also has performances at the Orpheum Theater as well as at the Dorrance Theater. Concerts also routinely make stops in the area. The largest showcase in the city center is Herberger Theater Center, which has three showrooms and is home to two resident companies, Arizona Theater Company and Center Dance Ensemble. Three other groups also use the facilities: Valley Youth Theater, iTheatre Collaborative and Actors Theater.
The concert can be attended at the Talking Stick Resort Arena and Comerica Theater in downtown Phoenix, Ak-Chin Pavilion at Maryvale, Gila River Arena in Glendale, and Gammage Auditorium at Tempe (the last public building designed by Frank Lloyd Wright). Some smaller theaters including Trunk Space, the Mesa Arts Center, the Crescent Ballroom, Celebrity Theater and Modified Arts support independent independent music and theater performances. Music can also be seen in some places normally reserved for sports, such as Wells Fargo Arena and University of Phoenix Stadium.
Several television series have been set up in Phoenix, including Alice (1976-85), paranormal dramas of the 2000s Medium , syndicated syndication dramas of 1960-61 The Brothers Brannagan , and The New Dick Van Dyke Show 1971-1974.
Museum
Dozens of museums exist throughout the valley. They include the Phoenix Art Museum, the Arizona Capitol Museum, the Arizona Military Museum, the Hall of Flame Firefighting Museum, the Pueblo Grande Cultural Park and Museum, the Phoenix Children's Museum, the Arizona Science Center and the Heard Museum. In 2010 the Museum of Musical Instruments opened their doors, displaying the largest collection of musical instruments in the world.
Designed by Alden B. Dow, a student of Frank Lloyd Wright, the Phoenix Art Museum was built in one year, opened in November 1959. The Phoenix Art Museum has the largest visual art collection in the southwest, containing over 17,000 contemporary works and modern art from all over world. Interactive exhibits can be found at the nearby Peoria's Challenger Space Center, where people learn about space, renewable energy, and meet astronauts.
The Heard Museum has over 130,000 square feet (12,000 mÃ,²) gallery space, classrooms and performances. Some of the signature exhibits include the full Navajo hogan, the Marionian Napoleon Collection containing 260 pieces of contemporary jewelry, the Barry Gold Collection of 437 historic Hopi kachina dolls, and exhibits on the experience of a nineteenth century boarding school of Native Americans. The Heard Museum attracts approximately 250,000 visitors per year.
Pure art
The art scene of downtown Phoenix has grown in the last decade. Artlink organization and gallery in the city center have successfully launched the opening of the first Phoenix Gallery Friday. In April 2009, artist Janet Echelman inaugurated her monumental statue, Secret of Patience, a citizenship icon suspended over the new Phoenix Civic Space Park, a two-block city park in the center of the city center. This netted sculpture creates an invisible desert wind pattern visible to the human eye. During the day, a 100-foot (30-m) high-rising statue high above the head, treetops and buildings, the statue creates what the so-called "shadow imagery" artists, which he says are inspired by the shadow of the Phoenix cloud. At night, the illumination changes color gradually through the seasons. The author of Prof. Patrick Frank wrote of a statue that "... most Arizonans look at the work with pride: this unique visual delight will forever mark the city of Phoenix as the Eiffel Tower marks Paris." Architecture
Phoenix is ​​home to a unique tradition and architectural community. Frank Lloyd Wright moved to Phoenix in 1937 and built his winter home, Taliesin West, and the main campus for the Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture. Over the years, Phoenix has attracted renowned architects who have made it their home and have fostered successful practices. These architectural studios embrace the desert climate, and are unconventional in their approach to design practice. They include Paolo Soleri (who created Arcosanti), Al Beadle, Will Brother, Wendell Burnette, and the architectural design studio Blank Studio. Another major strength in the city's architectural landscape is Ralph Haver whose company, Haver & amp; Nunn, designed commercial, industrial and residential structures throughout the valley. Of special note is his trademark, "Haver Home", an affordable contemporary style home.
Tourism
The tourism industry is currently the oldest industry in Phoenix. Starting with a re-promotion in 1920, the industry has grown into one of the top 10 in the city. Due to its climate, Phoenix and its neighbors are consistently ranked among the country's top destinations in the number of Five Diamond/Five Star resorts. With over 62,000 hotel rooms in over 500 hotels and 40 resorts, the larger Phoenix sees over 16 million visitors each year, most of whom are leisure travelers (not for business). Sky Harbor Airport, which serves the Greater Phoenix area, serves about 40 million passengers per year, ranking among the 10 busiest airports in the country.
One of the greatest attractions in the Phoenix area is golf, with over 200 golf courses. In addition to the exciting sites in the city, there are many attractions near the Phoenix, such as Agua Fria National Monument, Arcosanti, Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, Lost Dutchman State Park, Montezuma Castle, Montezuma Well, and National Cactus Pipe Organ Monument. The Phoenix also serves as a central point for many of the sights around the state of Arizona, such as the Grand Canyon, Lake Havasu (where the London Bridge is located), Meteor Crater, Deserted Desert, Petrified Forest, Tombstone, Kartchner Cave, Sedona and Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff.
Attractions and other annual events
Due to its natural beauty and climate, Phoenix has a number of outdoor attractions and recreational activities. The Phoenix Zoo is the largest, non-profit private zoo in the United States. Since it opened in 1962, the zoo has developed an international reputation for animal conservation, including breeding and reintroducing endangered species back into the wild. Right next to the zoo, Phoenix Botanical Gardens opened in 1939, and are recognized worldwide for their exhibits and educational programs, featuring the largest collection of US dry plants, South Mountain Park, the largest urban park in the US, also preserving the highest desert mountain in this world.
Other popular sites in the city are Japan Friendship Park, Historic Historic Square, Phoenix Mountain Park, Pueblo Grande Museum, Tovrea Castle, Camelback Mountain, Hole in the Rock, Mystery Castle, St. John's Basilica. Mary, Taliesin West, and Wrigley Mansion.
There is a long list of annual events in and near Phoenix that celebrate the city's heritage, as well as its diversity. Some of them are the Scottsdale Arab Horse Show, the world's largest horse show; Matsuri, Japanese cultural celebration; Pueblo Grande Indian Market, an event that highlights Native American art and craft; Grand Menorah Lighting, December annual event celebrating Hanukah; ZooLights, the annual December night show at Phoenix Zoo, displays millions of lights; Arizona State Fair, beginning in 1884, an annual exhibit; Scottish Gathering & amp; Highland Games, an annual event celebrating the Scottish heritage; Estrella War, an annual event celebrating medieval life; Tohono O'odham Nation Rodeo & amp; Fair, the oldest Indian rodeo in Arizona; and China Week & amp; Culture & amp; Cuisine Festival, China's annual cultural celebration.
Cuisine
Like many other western cities, Phoenix's earliest restaurant is often a steak house. Today, Phoenix is ​​also famous for its Mexican food, thanks to its large Hispanic population and its proximity to Mexico. Some restaurants in Phoenix have a long history. The Stockyards steakhouse dates to 1947, while Monti's La Casa Vieja (Spanish for "The Old House") operates as a restaurant since the 1890s, but closes its doors November 17, 2014. Macayo (chain of Mexican restaurants) was founded in Phoenix in 1946 , and other major Mexican restaurants including Garcia's (1956) and Manuel's (1964). The recent population explosion has brought people from all over the country, and to a lesser extent than any other country, and has since influenced local cuisine. Phoenix currently offers cuisines from around the world, such as Korean, Barbecue, Cajun/Creole, Greek, Hawaiian, Irish, Japanese, sushi, Italian, fusion, Persian, Indian (South Asian), Spanish, Thai, Chinese, Southwestern, Tex -Mex, Vietnam, Brazil and France.
The McDonald's franchise was first sold by McDonald's brothers to Phoenix entrepreneurs in 1952. Neil Fox paid $ 1,000 for the right to open a foundation based on a McDonald's sister restaurant. The hamburger stand opened in 1953 on the southwest corner of Central Avenue and Indian School Road, on the growing northern side of Phoenix, and was the first location for the internationally known golden arch sport, which was originally twice the height of the building. Three other franchise locations opened that year, two full years before Ray Kroc bought McDonald's and opened his first franchise in Chicago, Illinois.
Sports
Premier League
Phoenix is ​​home to several professional sports franchises, and is one of only 13 US metropolitan areas that has representatives from four major professional sports leagues, although only one of these teams actually carries the city's name and two of them play within the bounds city.
The Phoenix Suns were the first major sporting team in Phoenix, awarded the National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise in 1968. They originally played at the Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum before moving to the America West Arena (now Talking Stick Resort Arena) in 1992. The year after moving into a new arena, the Suns made it to the NBA Finals for the second time in franchise history, losing to Chicago Bulls Michael Jordan, 4 matches to 2. US Airways Center to host both 1995 and 2009 NBA All-Star Games.
In 1997, Phoenix Mercury was one of eight original teams to launch the National Women's Basketball Association (WNBA). They also play at the Talking Stick Resorts Arena. They have won the WNBA championship three times: first in 2007 when they beat Detroit Shock, again in 2009 when they defeated Indiana Fever, and in 2014 when they swept through Chicago Sky.
Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball began playing as an expansion team in 1998. The team has played all of its home games in the same city park, now known as Chase Field. This is the second highest stadium in the US (after Coors Field in Denver), and is known for swimming pools outside the field fence. In 2001, Diamondbacks beat New York Yankees 4 games to 3 in the World Series, becoming the city's first professional sports franchise to win a national championship while in Arizona. The win was also the fastest expansion team ever to win the World Series, surpassing the long-standing Florida Marlins mark for 5 years, set in 1997.
Arizona Cardinals is the oldest and most sustainable professional football franchise in the country. Founded in 1898 in Chicago, they moved to Phoenix from St. Louis in 1988 and currently plays in the Western Division of the National Football League National Football Conference. After moving to Phoenix, Cardinals initially played their home game at the Sun Devil Stadium on the campus of Arizona State University in nearby Tempe. In 2006 they moved to the newly built Phoenix University Stadium on the outskirts of Glendale. Since moving to Phoenix, Cardinals have made a championship appearance, Super Bowl XLIII in 2009, where they lost 27-23 from Pittsburgh Steelers.
Sun Devil Stadium held Super Bowl XXX in 1996. The University of Phoenix stadium hosted Super Bowl XLII in 2008, and Super Bowl XLIX in 2015.
The Arizona Coyote of the National Hockey League moved to the area in 1996, formerly known as Winnipeg Jets. They originally played their home game at America West Arena in downtown Phoenix before moving in December 2003 to Arena Jobing.com (now named Gila River Arena) in Glendale.
* Note: The Cardinals won their two championships while in Chicago, the pre-modern era.
Other sports
The Phoenix area hosts two annual college basketball games: the Fiesta Bowl, playing at the University of Phoenix Stadium, and the Motel 6 Cactus Bowl, held at the Sun Devil Stadium (though Chase Field has been replaced as the host while the ASU football stadium underwent renovations ).
Phoenix has an indoor soccer team, the Arizona Rattlers of Indoor Football League. Their game is also played at the Talking Stick Resort Arena. They played in the Arena Football League from 1992 to 2016 and have won five AFL titles before leaving the league.
The Greater Phoenix area is home to the Cactus League, one of two spring training leagues for Major League Baseball. With the removal of the Colorado Rockies and Diamondbacks to their new facility at Salt River Indian Community, the league is entirely based in the Greater Phoenix area. With the move of the Cincinnati Reds to Goodyear, half of the 30 MLB teams are now included in the Cactus League.
The Phoenix International Raceway was built in 1964 with a one-mile (1.6 km) oval, with a one-of-a-kind design, and a 2.5-mile (4.0 km) highway. It currently hosts several NASCAR events per season, and the annual NASCAR Fall weekend, which includes events from four different NASCAR classes, is a great event. After thirty years of hosting various events, especially the NHRA drag racing event, Firebird International Raceway (FIR) closed its operations in 2013, but NHRA reopened the NHRA event in 2014 under the new name, "Wild Horse Pass Motorsports Park".
The city also hosts several major professional golf events, including the LPGA Founder Cup and, since 1932, The Phoenix Open of the PGA. The Phoenix Marathon is a new addition to the sports of the city, and is a qualification for the Boston Marathon. The Rock 'n' Roll Marathon series has held events in Phoenix every January since 2004. Phoenix is ​​also home to the football club, Phoenix Rising FC.
Parks and recreation
Phoenix is ​​home to a large number of parks and recreation areas. Phoenix City includes national parks, area (Maricopa County) parks and city parks. Tonto National Forest forms part of the northeastern border of the city, while the county has the largest park system in the country. The city park system was established to preserve desert landscapes in areas that should have succumbed to development and included South Mountain Park, the world's largest urban park with 16,500 acres (67 km 2 ). The city park system has 182 parks containing over 41,900 hectares (16,956 ha), making it the largest city park system in the country. The park system has facilities for hiking, camping, swimming, horse riding, cycling, and climbing. Some of the other important parks in this system are Camelback Mountain, Encanto Park (the other big city park) and Mount Sunnyslope, also known as "S" Mountain. Papago Park in eastern Phoenix is ​​home to the Desert Botanical Garden and the Phoenix Zoo, alongside several golf courses and Hole-in-the-Rock geological formations. The Desert Botanical Garden, which opened in 1939, is one of several public parks in the country dedicated to desert plants, and features desert plant life from around the world. The Phoenix Zoo is the largest private non-profit zoo in the United States and is internationally known for its programs aimed at saving endangered species.
Government
In 1913, Phoenix adopted a new form of government, switched from the mayor's council system to the council-manager system, making it one of the first cities in the United States to form the city government, where a city manager oversees all cities. departments and implement the policies adopted by the Council. Today, Phoenix represents the largest city government in the country.
The city council consists of a mayor and eight members of the city council. While the mayor is elected in the city election, Phoenix City Council members are elected only by the votes in the district they represent, with both the Mayor and the Council members serving for four years. The current mayor of Phoenix is ​​Greg Stanton, a Democrat who was elected in 2011 and re-elected in 2015. The mayors and members of their respective city councils have equal voting power in terms of defining city policies and passing laws and regulations. The city's website was given a Sunny Award by the Sunshine Review for transparency efforts.
State government facility
As the capital of Arizona, Phoenix is ​​home to the state legislature, along with a number of state government agencies, many of which are located in the State Capitol district in the west of the city. The Arizona Children's Abduction Department operates the Adobe Mountain and Black Canyon Schools in Phoenix. The other major state government facility is the Arizona State Hospital, operated by the Arizona Department of Health Services. It is a mental health center that is the only medical facility run by the state government. The headquarters of many Arizona state government agencies are in Phoenix, with many located in the State Capitol district.
Federal government facility
The Federal Bureau of Prisons operates Federal Correctional Institution (FCI) Phoenix which is within the city limits, near its northern border.
Sandra Day Court House O'Connor U.S., US District Court in Arizona, is located on Washington Street in downtown. It's named in honor of retired US Supreme Court Justice, Sandra Day O'Connor, who grew up in Arizona.
The Federal Building is at the intersection of Van Buren Street and First Avenue in the city center, and contains various federal field offices and local divisions of the US Bankruptcy Court. The building used to house the US District Court and courtroom, but this was transferred in 2001 to the new court building of Sandra Day O'Connor AS. Prior to the construction of this building in 1961, the federal government office was placed at the historic US Post Office on Central Avenue, completed in the 1930s.
Crime
In 1960 crime became a significant problem in Phoenix, and in the 1970s crime continued to rise in the city at a faster rate than almost anywhere in the country. It was during this time span when an incident occurred in Phoenix that would have national implications. On March 16, 1963, Ernesto Miranda was arrested and charged with rape. The next Supreme Court ruling on June 13, 1966, Miranda v. Arizona, has led to practices in the United States issuing Miranda Warning for all criminal suspects.
With the rapid growth of Phoenix, one of the key areas of criminal activity is land fraud. The practice became so extensive that the newspaper would refer to Phoenix as the Tainted Desert. This land fraud led to one of the more notorious killings in the history of the valley, when the Arizona Republic Republic writer Don Bolles was killed by a car bomb in 1976. It is believed that his investigative report on organized crime. and land scams in Phoenix make it a target. Bolles is the only reporter of a major US newspaper killed in US soil because of his coverage of a story. Max Dunlap was convicted of first-degree murder in this case.
Street gangs and drug trafficking had turned into a public security problem in the 1980s, and the crime rate in Phoenix continues to grow. Having seen the peak in the early and mid-1990s, the city has seen a decline in crime rates in general. Maricopa County Prison System is the fourth largest in the world. The rate of violent crime peaked in 1993 at 1146 crimes per 100,000 people, while property crime rates peaked a few years earlier, in 1989, at 9,966 crimes per 100,000.
In the latest figures from the FBI (2012), these prices are currently at 637 and 4091, respectively. Since its peak in 2003, the killings have dropped from 241 to 114 by 2014.
In 2001 and 2002 Phoenix was ranked first in the country in vehicle theft, with over 22,000 and 25,000 cars stolen
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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