The Hollywood Sign (formerly the Hollywoodland Sign ) is an American landmark and cultural icon located in Los Angeles, California. It is located on Mount Lee, in the Hollywood Hills area of ​​the Santa Monica Mountains. It marks Hollywood, Los Angeles.
"HOLLYWOOD" is translated into a 44-foot (13.4 m) -in white letter and 352 ft in length (107.3 â € <â € <). This sign was originally created in 1923 as an advertisement for the development of local real estate, but due to increased recognition, the mark was abandoned. The mark has been a frequent target of jokes and vandalism for decades, but has undergone a recovery, including the installation of a security system to prevent vandalism. The sign is protected and promoted by The Hollywood Sign Trust, a nonprofit organization, while the site and surrounding land are part of Griffith Park.
From the ground, hilly contours give a wavy appearance. When observed at comparable heights, the letters appear almost parallel.
They often appear in popular culture, especially in setting up shots for movies and television programs in or around Hollywood. Signs of a similar style, but spelling different words, are often seen as parodies.
Video Hollywood Sign
History
Origin
The sign was founded in 1923 and originally read "HOLLYWOODLAND." The goal is to advertise the name of a separate new housing development in the hills above Los Angeles's Hollywood district. H.J. Whitley had used a sign to advertise his development, Whitley Heights, which lies between Highland Avenue and Vine Street. He suggested to his friend Harry Chandler, owner of the Los Angeles Times newspaper, that the land syndicate in which he was involved made the same mark to advertise their land. Real estate developers Woodruff and Shoults call their development "Hollywoodland" and advertise it as "an incredible environment without excessive fees on the Hollywood side of the hills."
They contracted the Crescent Sign Company to establish thirteen letters facing south on the hillside. The owner of the sign company, Thomas Fisk Goff (1890-1984), designed the sign. Each letter is 30 feet (9.1 m) wide and 50 feet (15.2 m) high, and all signs are encrusted with about 4,000 light bulbs. The sign flickered in the segment: "HOLLY," "WOOD," and "LAND" flared individually, and then all of it. Beneath the mark Hollywoodland is the spotlight to attract more attention. The poles supporting the sign were transported to the location by mules. The project cost is $ 21,000, equivalent to $ 301,629 in 2017.
The mark was officially dedicated in 1923. It was intended only to last one and a half years, but after the emergence of American cinemas in Los Angeles during the Golden Age of Hollywood, the mark became an internationally recognized symbol and abandoned there.
Deterioration
For more than half a century, the mark, which was designed to stand for only 18 months, suffered extensive damage and setbacks.
During the early 1940s, Albert Kothe (the official guard of the sign) caused an accident that destroyed the letter H . Kothe, drunk driving, approached the summit of Mount Lee when he lost control of his vehicle and drove off a cliff just behind H i. While Kothe was not injured, 1928 Ford Model A was destroyed, as the original 50 feet (15.2 m) high illuminated the letter H.
In 1949, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce started a contract with the Los Angeles City Park Service to repair and rebuild the board. The contract stipulates that "LAND" is removed to spell "Hollywood" and reflects the district, not the "Hollywoodland" housing estate. The Garden Department dictated that all subsequent lighting would be the cost of the Chamber, so the Chamber chose not to replace the bulb. The 1949 effort gave him a new life, but the unprotected wood and sheet metal structure continued to deteriorate. In the 1970s, the first O had been split and broke, resembling the lowercase letters u , and the third O had fallen completely, leaving the awfully. dilapidated "HuLLYWO.D."
Recovery
In 1978, largely due to a public campaign to restore landmark work by Hugh Hefner, founder of Playboy magazine, the Chamber set out to replace a very deteriorating mark with a more permanent structure. Nine donors gave US $ 27,777.77 each (total US $ 249,999.93) to sponsor replacement letters, made of steel supported by steel columns on concrete foundations (see Donor section below).
The new letters are 45 feet (13.7 m) tall and range from 31 to 39 feet (9.4 to 11.9 m). The new version of the mark was inaugurated on November 11, 1978, as the highlight of a special CBS television broadcast to commemorate the 75th anniversary of Hollywood's merger as a city.
The renovation, donated by Bay Cal Commercial Painting, resumed in November 2005, when workers stripped the mail back to their metal bases and repainted them in white.
Donor
After the 1978 public campaign to recover the mark, the following nine donors gave $ 27,777.77 ($ 250,000 each):
- H : Hugh Hefner (founder Playboy )
- O : Giovanni Mazza (Italian film producer)
- L : Les Kelley (founder of Kelley Blue Book)
- L : Gene Autry (actor)
- Y : Terrence Donnelly (publisher of Hollywood Independent Newspaper )
- W : Andy Williams (singer)
- O : Warner Bros. Records
- O : Alice Cooper (singer), who contributes to commemorating close friends and comedian Groucho Marx, and who joked that he would also donate "O"
- D : Dennis Lidtke (businessman) donates on behalf of Matthew Williams Original and recovery "H"
- HOLLYWeeDÃ, - January 1976 and January 2017: This mark was first changed in 1976 following the passage of state laws prohibiting the use of marijuana. The mark was changed again on New Year's Day in 2017, probably done in tribute to the new California law that creates recreational marijuana law enacted during the 2016 election.
- HOLYWOODÃ, - April 1977 and September 1987: The change of 1977 is for Easter sunrise services, visible from the Hollywood Bowl. And the 1987 change was for Pope John Paul II when he visited; The second L is closed.
- OIL WARÃ, - 1991, for the Gulf War.
- GO NAVYÃ, - December 1983: A group of Midshipmen, with permission, covered the mark for the first and last matches only the appearance of the West Coast Navy Navy.
- RAFFEYSODÃ, - in 1985, an obscure rock band from New Orleans named Raffeys altered the mark as an unlawful promotional act.
- FOXÃ, - April 1987, promotion for the launch of the Fox television network.
- CALTECHÃ, - May 1987: Occurred in a hundred Hollywood years (due to its founding as a municipality), also one of the many senior jokes of Caltech.
- OLLYWOODÃ, - July 1987, during the trial of Oliver North and Iran-Contra.
- The yellow ribbon was tied around the mark in April 1991, as the final celebration of the Gulf War. This action also supports the Hollywood Salutes Gulf Veterans celebration (D. Weiss, USNA'85/agitator & PM)
- A total of 75-feet (22.9 m) -both pieces of Holli Will, the main character of the movie Cool World (1992). The piece, which seems to sit on the mark, was added as part of the promotion for the film. The changes angered local residents, who said the cartoon character was "terrible" and an affront to women.
- PerotWood - 1992 and 1996, to support Ross Perot and his presidential campaign.
- SAVE THE PEAKÃ, - February 11, 2010, the original letters were covered with a series of large banners reading "SAVE THE PEAK", part of a campaign by The Trust for Public Land to protect land around the Hollywood Sign from real housing developments. > (see above) . As the turn takes place, variations like "SALLYWOOD" and "SAVETHEPOOD" cause some excitement.
- Mosgiel, New Zealand's satellite suburb in Dunedin, established a clone of Hollywood sign - reading MOSGIEL - in 1987.
- Since its opening in 1993, Mickey's Toontown in Disneyland has a fake hill with a sign that reads TOONTOWN and resembles a Hollywood sign.
- During the Scottish Parliamentary Elections of 2003, the Scottish Conservative Party ran a billboard campaign depicting the Salisbury Hills in Holyrood Park with the message "FOLLYROOD" (in Hollywood Sign style), with the unfinished Scottish Parliament House in the foreground.. The poster was intended to be blasphemous for the infamous cost swelling and the overly complex design of the Parliament House, which the Conservatives opposed.
- In May 2008, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce licensed exclusive rights to Plymouth Rock Studios of Massachusetts to combine "Hollywood" with "East", creating Hollywood East, a new industrial trademark representing the burgeoning film industry in New England. The studio plans to search a site in Plymouth, Massachusetts for permanent installation of the mark.
- In 2009, the Hollinwood mark was set up alongside the M60 motorway via Hollinwood, Greater Manchester, to celebrate the return of Manchester City with Los Angeles. The sign was set up at night and then lowered by the Highway Agency, because it was considered a diversion for road drivers.
- In March 2010, authorities announced that Wellington Airport in New Zealand would put the WELLYWOOD sign on the hillside of the Miramar Peninsula. This is to reflect the community of filmmakers in Wellington, especially Weta Digital, which produces effects for Lord of the Rings, King Kong and
. However, the widespread unpopular marks spread with the locals persuaded airport staff to consider alternatives. On July 27, 2012, the city erected a sign that read "Wellington" with the last letter blowing to pay homage to Wellington's ever-present winds. - In November 2010, the Chilean municipality of Renca established a high mark on Renca Hill that read "Renca la lleva" ("Renca rocks", in Spanish).
- In 2010, in the hope of promoting new business in the city of Basildon in Essex, England, the Basildon District Council set up letters that read the city's name alongside the A127 road at a cost of Ã, Â £ 400,000.
- In 2010, Paddy Power, a major Irish betting firm, set up a high-style reading with a height <80 cm (<15.3 m) and a height of <20 centimeters in Paddy Power in Cleeve Hill, in the county town of Cheltenham, as part of a publicity campaign for the Cheltenham Festival. It became the largest free standing sign in the world of its kind.
- Entertainer Dolly Parton has repeatedly referred to Hollywood Sign as the driving force behind her own Dollywood playground, telling Spin Magazine in 1986, "When I first saw the Hollywood Sign I thought , how wonderful if I can change 'H' to 'D' for that day. "
- In 2014, Druskininkai, Lithuania opens a sign to celebrate social media in the resort town of Druskininkai, voted the most favored by followers of the "Likeable Lithuanian Campaign."
- There's a clone mark in Hollywood, County Wicklow in Ireland.
- There is another imitation of the sign above the Port in Keelung, Taiwan which lies along the Huzi Mountain trail.
- There is an imitation of a sign near Szastarka, Poland.
- In the Shrek franchise, Far Far Away Sign is based on Hollywood Sign.
- In Matt Groening The Simpsons , Springfield's sign is based on the Hollywood sign.
- In the film Steven Spielberg 1941 (1979), the LAND section was shot down in a Los Angeles air combat involving John Belushi's character.
- In Joe Johnston's The Rocketeer (1991), the character played by Timothy Dalton (a Hollywood star working for the Nazis) will come out of a broken zeppelin with a broken jetpack and his final words are, " I'll always miss Hollywood. " He then jumps out of the zeppelin and crashes into the LAND part of the mark, destroying it.
- The TOONTOWN sign at Disneyland in Anaheim, California, is made to mimic the Hollywood mark including a fake mountain in the background.
- The Vinewood Go to Grand Theft Auto video game series Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas and Grand Theft Auto V in the city of Los Santos as well based on the Hollywood sign.
- C-Rock
- The hill figure
- Hill Edge
- Outpost tag
- Official website
The original sign of 1923 was allegedly destroyed until 2005, when it was put up for sale on eBay by producer/entrepreneur Dan Bliss. It was sold to artist Bill Mack, who used metal sheets as a medium to paint the star similarities of the Golden Age of Hollywood. In August 2012, Mack made an exact replica of the letter H of the metal. On August 9, 2012, Herb Wesson and Tom LaBonge of the Los Angeles City Council presented Mack with Certificate of Recognition for his restoration efforts and the preservation of iconic symbols of Hollywood history.
Access
Some residents of adjoining neighborhoods with signs of worry about traffic congestion and traffic caused by tourists and travelers are attracted by the sign because of its location in what the Los Angeles Fire Department characterizes as areas of extremely high fire risk lacking in basic infrastructure (parking, toilets, drinking water) to handle the high number of visitors. In 2013, "there are more than 40 tour companies that run buses and vans in and out of the canyons..." and residents "... are most worried about security issues because the curved hill road is not designed for so many cars and pedestrians. "
The Hollywood Sign Trust directs visitors to two viewing platforms, Griffith Observatory and Hollywood and Highland Center. Visitors can climb to the sign from the entrance of Bronson Canyon to Griffith Park or from the Griffith Observatory.
Suicide Peg Entwistle
In September 1932, the 24-year-old actress Peg Entwistle commits suicide by climbing a worker's ladder to the top of 'H' and jumping to his death.
2000 Millennium Celebration
The mark is the focal point for the Pacific time zone as part of a series of coordinated events around the world for the 2000 Millennium celebration. The sign is illuminated in various colors, one of the rare marks becoming bright. The sequence of colored light is an alternative to displaying fireworks on some other world icons because of concerns about the fire in dry conditions.
Maps Hollywood Sign
Location
This sign is located on the south side of Mount Lee in Griffith Park, north of the Mulholland Highway, and south of the Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills) cemetery.
This mark is located on a heavy and steep terrain, and there are hurdles to prevent unauthorized access. In 2000, the Los Angeles Police Department installed a security system featuring motion detection and closed-circuit cameras. Any movement in a marked area marked triggers an alarm notifying the police.
Penalties for unauthorized entry include a $ 1,000 fine, restitution to City agents involved in arresting intruders, a one-year and 20-day trial period on the Caltrans highway crew. Los Angeles City Council Member David Ryu is currently working with Los Angeles City Attorney to increase the penalty.
It's located on 34Ã, Â ° 08? 02.56? N 118Ã, Â ° 19? 18:00? W at a height of 1,578-feet (481 m).
The surrounding land
The buildings and towers located directly behind and to the right of the sign are the City of Los Angeles Central Communications Facility, which supports all cell phones, microwaves and radio towers used by the Los Angeles Police Department, the Fire Department, the Los Angeles County School of Unity, and other city agents. The building itself has no name and is basically a big maintenance building for the antenna. From 1939 to 1947, the site was the location of the first TV station and transmitter in Los Angeles, W6XAO (now KCBS-TV), founded by The Don Lee Network, hence the name of Lee Lee. Studio TV left this location in 1948, and the remaining transmission facility in 1951, moved to the higher Mount Wilson.
The land around the sign was bought by Howard Hughes in 1940, who plans to build a house on the Cahuenga Peak hill for actress Ginger Rogers. Before Rogers broke off their engagement and many remained empty. Hughes's property sold the property on the left and above the $ 1.7 million mark in 2002 to Fox River Financial Resources, a Chicago developer who plans to build luxury homes along the ridge. It put the property on the market in 2008 for $ 22 million. As a result, the City of Los Angeles is considering buying it, perhaps by collecting money from celebrities as it did for the 1978 restoration.
Environmentalists and preservationists are concerned about the possibility of real estate development in the area. In April 2009, the Trust for Public Land (TPL) signed an option to purchase a 138 acres (0.56 km 2 ) property at a discount of $ 12.5 million. On February 11, 2010, as part of a campaign to help raise money and with the full support of both the city and the Hollywood Sign Trust, the organization closed each letter with a big banner saying "SAVE TOP". On April 26, 2010, the Trust for Public Land announced it had raised enough money, with Playboy magazine founder Hugh Hefner stepping forward to donate the last $ 900,000. Hefner then contributed an additional $ 100,000. After purchase, the package becomes an extension of Griffith Park nearby.
Alteration
It is illegal to make unauthorized physical changes to alerts. Although cities sometimes allow it in the past for commercial purposes, the current policy does not allow such changes to take place. This is largely due to environmental opposition and accidents in the past. However, the sign has been unofficially altered several times, often generating a lot of attention. Among the more famous modifications:
Depictions
Imitation
Several other places have mimicked the mark in some way.
In popular culture
The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce claims trademark rights to sign images and demands a license fee for commercial use.
In movies and television shows, Hollywood Sign is often shown to be damaged or destroyed from events in a particular scene; the period pieces may simply indicate the "LAND" part of the original sign being destroyed. This is an example of a destroyed national landmark, a common feature seen in many disaster films to improve drama and tension. This is often a short tool to show the destruction of all of Los Angeles or the state of California. The signs have been described increasingly destroyed in the films of the Earthquake (1974), Independence Day (1996), The Day After Tomorrow (2004), < i> Terminator Salvation (2009), Sharknado (2013), San Andreas (2015) , and countless other films.
Other films come with a fictitious explanation for the removal of the original LAND portion of the mark.
See also
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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