YouTube is created by PayPal employees as a video sharing site where users can upload, share and view content. The Internet domain name " www.youtube.com " was activated on Monday, February 14, 2005 at 9:13 pm.
Video History of YouTube
Pendirian (2005)
YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, when they worked for PayPal. Prior to working for PayPal, Hurley studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. YouTube's initial headquarters are on top of a pizza and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California.
The domain name "YouTube.com" was enabled on February 14, 2005 with a video upload option integrated on April 23, 2005. The first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, was uploaded on April 23, 2005, and showed the co -founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo.
YouTube started as an angel-funded company working from a temporary office in a garage. In November 2005, Sequoia Capital venture company invested $ 3.5 million early, and Roelof Botha (partner of PayPal's former firm and former CFO) joins the board of directors of YouTube. In April 2006, Sequoia and Artis Capital Management invested an additional $ 8 million in the company, which has experienced significant growth in the first few months.
Maps History of YouTube
Growth (2006)
During the summer of 2006, YouTube was one of the fastest growing sites on the World Wide Web, hosting over 65,000 new videos. This site generates an average of 100 million video views per day in July. This is the most popular fifth ranking website in Alexa, far beyond the pace of even the growth rate of MySpace. The website averages nearly 20 million visitors per month according to Nielsen/NetRatings, with about 44% of women and 56% of male visitors. The age group of 12 to 17 years is dominant. YouTube's excellence in the online market is huge. According to the Hitwise.com website, YouTube orders up to 64% of the UK online video market.
YouTube entered into a marketing and advertising partnership with NBC in June 2006.
On October 9, 2006, it was announced that the company would be purchased by Google for US $ 1.65 billion, completed on November 13. At that time, it was Google's second largest acquisition. The deal between Google and YouTube came after YouTube presented three deals with media companies in an effort to avoid lawsuits of copyright infringement. YouTube plans to continue to operate independently, with its founding partners and 68 employees working at Google.
Google February 7, 2007 submission SEC disclose details of benefits for YouTube investors after the sale to Google. In 2010, Chad Hurley's earnings were over $ 395 million while Steve Chen's earnings were over $ 326 million.
Person of the year (2006)
In 2006, Time Magazine featured a large mirrored YouTube screen as an annual 'Person of the Year'. It cited user-generated media as it was posted on YouTube and displayed site creators along with multiple content creators. The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times also reviewed content posted on YouTube in 2006, in particular with regard to its influence on corporate communications and recruitment. PC World Magazine named YouTube as the ninth of the Best 10 Best Products of 2006. In 2007, both Sports Illustrated and Dime Magazine featured positive reviews about a basketball highlight video entitled, The Ultimate Pistol Pete Maravich MIX .
Sustainable growth (2007-2013)
It is estimated that in 2007, YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000.
Originally from 2007, the YouTube Prize is an annual award given in recognition of the best YouTube videos of the previous year chosen by the YouTube community.
On July 23, 2007 and November 28, 2007, CNN and YouTube produced a televised presidential debate in which US Democratic and Republican presidential candidates posed a question raised via YouTube.
In November 2008, YouTube reached an agreement with MGM, Lions Gate Entertainment, and CBS, which allowed the company to post movies and television episodes on the site, along with advertisements in sections for US audiences called "Shows". The move is intended to create competition with websites such as Hulu, featuring material from NBC, Fox, and Disney.
YouTube was awarded the Peabody Award 2008 and cited as "The 'Angle Speaker' who both embodies and promotes democracy".
In early 2009, YouTube registered the www.youtube-nocookie.com domain for videos embedded on the United States federal government website. In November of the same year, YouTube launched a version of "Shows" available to British viewers, offering approximately 4,000 full length shows from over 60 partners.
Entertainment Weekly put YouTube on his best "best-of" list by the end of the decade In December 2009, it described as: "Providing a safe house for cats playing pianos, whirling, since 2005. "
In January 2010, YouTube introduced an online movie rental service that is currently only available to users in the US, Canada and the UK. This service offers more than 6,000 movies. In March 2010, YouTube started streaming certain content for free, including 60 Premier League cricket matches India. According to YouTube, this is the world's first free online broadcast of major sporting events.
On March 31, 2010, YouTube unveiled a new design with the goal of simplifying the interface and increasing the time users spent on the site. Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented: "We really felt like we had to retreat and wipe out the mess." In May 2010, it was reported that YouTube serves more than two billion videos per day, which is "almost double the prime-time audience of all three major US television networks combined". In May 2011, YouTube reported on its corporate blog that the site received more than three billion views per day. In January 2012, YouTube stated that the figure has increased to four billion streaming videos per day.
According to May 2010 data published by market research firm comScore, YouTube is the dominant online video provider in the United States, with a market share of around 43 percent and over 14 billion videos viewed during May.
In October 2010, Hurley announced that he would resign as YouTube's chief executive officer to take on an advisory role, with Salar Kamangar taking over as head of the company.
James Zern, a YouTube software engineer, revealed in April 2011 that 30 percent of videos accounted for 99 percent of the views on the site.
During November 2011, the Google social networking site integrated directly with YouTube and the Chrome web browser, allowing YouTube videos to be viewed from within the Google interface. In December 2011, YouTube launched a new version of the site interface, with video channels displayed in the middle column on the home page, similar to news feeds from social networking sites. At the same time, a new version of the YouTube logo was introduced with a darker red, which was the first change in design since October 2006.
In 2012, YouTube says that about 60 hours of new videos are uploaded to the site every minute, and about three quarters of the material comes from outside the US. This site has eight hundred million unique users per month.
Starting from 2010 and continuing to date, Alexa puts YouTube as the third most visited website on the Internet after Google and Facebook.
In late 2011 and early 2012, YouTube launched more than 100 "premium" or "original" channels. The initiative reportedly cost $ 100 million. Two years later, in November 2013, it was documented that the landing page from the original channel turned into a 404 error page. Nevertheless, original channels like SourceFed and Crash Course were successful.
The algorithm change was made in 2012 that replaced the display-based system for the time-based credits that were credited for causing a spike in the popularity of the gaming channel.
In October 2012, for the first time, YouTube offered a live stream of US presidential debates and partnered with ABC News to do so.
On October 25, 2012 ( 2012-10-25 ) , the YouTube slogan (Broadcast Yourself) was deleted for a live stream of US presidential debates.
YouTube relaunched its design and layout on December 4, 2012 to be very similar to the mobile and tablet app versions of the site. On December 21, 2012, Gangnam Style became the first YouTube video to surpass a billion views.
As of March 2013, the number of unique users who visit YouTube each month reaches 1 billion. In the same year, YouTube continued to reach mainstream media, launching YouTube Comedy Week and YouTube Music Awards. Both events met with negative reception to the mix. In November 2013, YouTube's own YouTube channel has surpassed Felix Kjellberg's PewDiePie channel to become the most subscribed channel on the website. This is caused by a new user who suggests an automatic subscription to the channel after registration.
Internationalization
On June 19, 2007, Google CEO Eric Schmidt was in Paris to launch a new localization system. The website interface is available with local versions in 89 countries, one region (Hong Kong) and world version.
Google aims to compete with local video sharing sites such as Dailymotion in France. It also made deals with local television stations such as the M6 ​​and France TÃ © Ã © lÃÆ' Â © vision for legitimately broadcast video content.
On October 17, 2007, it was announced that the Hong Kong version was launched. Steve Chen from YouTube said his next target was Taiwan.
YouTube was blocked from Mainland China from 18 October due to Taiwan flag censorship. URL to YouTube redirected to Chinese search engine itself, Baidu. It was then blocked on October 31st.
The YouTube interface indicates which local versions to choose based on the user's IP address. In some cases, the message "This video is not available in your country" may appear due to copyright restrictions or inappropriate content. The YouTube website interface is available in 76 language versions, including Amharic, Albanian, Armenian, Bengali, Burmese, Khmer, Kyrgyz, Lao, Mongolian, Persian, and Uzbek, which have no local channel versions. Access to YouTube was blocked in Turkey between 2008 and 2010, following the controversy over a video post deemed offensive to Mustafa Kemal AtatÃÆ'¼rk and some material offensive to Muslims. In October 2012, a local version of YouTube was launched in Turkey, with the youtube.com.tr domain. Local versions are subject to content rules found in Turkish law. In March 2009, a dispute between YouTube and the UK royalty collection agency PRS for Music caused a premium music video to be blocked for YouTube users in the UK. The removal of videos posted by major record companies occurred after the failure to reach agreement on licensing agreements. The dispute was resolved in September 2009. In April 2009, a similar dispute led to the removal of premium music videos for users in Germany.
On April 3, 2018, the shootings occurred at the YouTube headquarters.
Business, advertising and profit models
Before it was purchased by Google, YouTube stated that its ad-based business model generated $ 15 million per month.
Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTube operating costs, and YouTube revenue in 2007 was recorded as "immaterial" in regulatory filing. In June 2008, a Forbes magazine article projected 2008 revenues of $ 200 million, posting progress in advertising sales.
Some industry commentators speculate that YouTube's operating costs (in particular network bandwidth required) may reach 5 to 6 million dollars per month, triggering criticism that companies, like many internet pioneering companies, do not have a well-implemented business model. The ads launched on the site began in March 2006. In April, YouTube began using Google AdSense. YouTube then stops using AdSense but has resumed in the local area.
Advertising is the central YouTube mechanism for earning revenue. This problem has also been taken in scientific analysis. Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams argue in their book Wikinomics that YouTube is an example for an economy based on mass collaboration and utilizing the Internet.
- "Whether your business is closer to Boeing or P & G, or more like YouTube or flickr, there is a huge collection of external talents that you can tap with the right approach.The company that adopts this model can drive the importance changes in their industry and rewriting the "competition rules" of new business models for open content will not come from traditional media companies, but from companies like Google, Yahoo, and YouTube.New generation of companies is not burned by inheritance that hinders publishers, they can become more agile in response to customer requests.More importantly, they understand that you do not have to control the quantity and fate of bits if they can provide a point of interest where people build community around to share and replicate content. Free content is just where the lure they coat the revenue from advertising and premium services ".
Tapscott and Williams argue that it is important for new media companies to find ways to generate profits with the help of content produced by colleagues. The new Internet economy, (which they term Wikinomics) will be based on the principles of "openness, peeping, sharing, and acting globally". Companies can use these principles to benefit with the help of Web 2.0 applications: "Companies can design and assemble products with their customers, and in some cases, customers can do most value creation". Tapscott and Williams argue that the outcome will be an economic democracy.
There are other views in the debates that agree with Tapscott and Williams are increasingly based on the use of open source/content, networking, sharing, and peeping, but they argue that the outcome is not economic democracy, but a subtle and deep form of exploitation, where labor costs are reduced with internet-based global outsourcing.
The second view is eg. taken by Christian Fuchs in his book "Internet and Society". He argues that YouTube is an example of a business model based on a combination of prizes with commodities. The first one is free, the second makes a profit. A new aspect of this business strategy is to combine what seemed initially different, gifts and commodities. YouTube will give users free access, the more users, the more profits they can get because in principle it can increase advertising rates and will increasingly draw the attention of advertisers. YouTube will sell its audiences it gained with free access to its advertising customers.
- "Commodified Internet spaces are always profit-oriented, but the goods they provide are not always value-driven and market-oriented; in some cases (like Google, Yahoo, MySpace, YouTube, Netscape), free stuff or platform is provided as reward for increasing the number of users so that high advertising rates can be charged to earn a profit. "
In June 2009, BusinessWeek reported that, according to the San Francisco-based IT consulting firm RampRate, YouTube is much closer to profitability than previous reports, including April 2009, projections by investment bank Credit Suisse predicted YouTube would lost as much as $ 470 million in 2009. The RampRate report pegs that figure to no more than $ 174 million.
In May 2013, YouTube launched a pilot program to begin offering some content providers the ability to charge $ 0.99 per month or more for a particular channel, but most of the videos will remain free to view.
See also
- YouTube social impact
- YouTube Awards
- YouTube Comedy Week
- YouTube Original Channels Initiative
- List of the most subscribed channels on YouTube
References
External links
- Official website
- the YouTube mobile website
- YouTube History on YouTube
- YouTube is the World's Second Largest Search Engine on YouTube
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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