Manhattan ( ) is the busiest district of New York City, the economic and administrative hub, and its historic birthplace. Locally, Manhattan is often referred to simply as The City . Borough is coexisted with New York County , one of the original districts of New York state in the US. Borough is largely composed of Manhattan Island, bordered by the Hudson river, East, and Harlem; several adjacent small islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the mainland of the US, is physically connected to the Bronx and separated from other parts of Manhattan by Harlem River. Manhattan Island is divided into three compartments that are informally constrained and harmonized on its long axis: Midtown Manhattan, Lower Manhattan, and Upper Manhattan.
Manhattan is often described as the world's cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Surrounded by Wall Street in the Lower Manhattan Financial District, New York City has been named the most economically powerful city and the world's leading financial center, and Manhattan is home to two of the world's largest stock markets with total market capitalization: the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in Manhattan, and the area has been home to many books, movies, and television shows. Manhattan has historically been documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders, which is equivalent to around US $ 1050 in current terms. Manhattan real estate has since become one of the most expensive in the world, with the value of Manhattan Island, including real estate, estimated to exceed US $ 3 trillion in 2013; the median residential property selling price in Manhattan is estimated at US $ 1,600 per square foot ($ 17,000/m 2 ) in 2018, with Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan holding the world's highest retail rental for US $ 3,000 per square foot ($ 32,000/m 2 ) by 2017.
Manhattan traced its origins to a trading post founded by colonists from the Dutch Republic in 1624 in Lower Manhattan; The post was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The area and its surroundings were under British control in 1664 and were named after New England's King Charles II awarded the land to his brother, Duke of York. New York, based in Manhattan now, serves as the capital of the United States from 1785 to 1790. The Statue of Liberty welcomed millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was a symbol of the United States and the ideals of freedom and peace. Manhattan became a borough during the New York City consolidation in 1898.
New York County is the second smallest region in the United States by land area (only larger than Kalawao County, Hawaii), and is also the most populous US territory. It is also one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with a population of 2017 estimated to be a census of 1,664,727 living in 22,83 square miles (59.13 km 2 ), or 72,918 population per square mile (28,154/km 2 ), higher than the density of any US city. On working days, commuter entry increases this number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile (65,600/km 2 ). Manhattan has the third largest population of five districts in New York City, after Brooklyn and Queens, and is the smallest district in terms of land area.
Many of Manhattan's famous districts and landmarks, as New York City received a record 62.8 million tourists by 2017, and Manhattan hosts three of the 10 most visited places in the world by 2013: Times Square, Central Park and Grand Central Terminal. Borough has many prominent bridges, such as the Brooklyn Bridge; skyscrapers like the Empire State Building; and parks, such as Central Park. Chinatown combines the highest concentration of Chinese people in the western hemisphere, and the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, part of the Stonewall National Monument, is considered the birthplace of the modern gay rights movement. The city of New York was established at the southern end of Manhattan, and the small town of New York City Hall, the seat of the city administration. Many colleges and universities are located in Manhattan, including Columbia University, New York University, Cornell Tech, Weill Cornell Medical College, and Rockefeller University, which has been ranked in the top 40 in the world.
Video Manhattan
Etimologi
The name Manhattan comes from the word Manna-hata , as it is written in the 1609 book notes Robert Juet, an officer on the yacht Henry Hudson Halve Maen ( Half Moon ). A map of 1610 describes the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both western and eastern sides of the Mauritius River (later named the Hudson River). The word "Manhattan" has been translated as "the place where we get the bow" or "the place to collect bows (wood to make)", from the Munsee dialect of the Lenape 'manahÃÆ'¡htaan' (where 'manah-' means "assembled" , '-aht' means "arc" and "-aan" is the abstract element used to form the verb stem). According to a Munsee tradition recorded in the nineteenth century, the island was named for a group of hickory trees at the lower end considered ideal for arc manufacture. The folk etymology alternatives include the "island of many hills", "the island where we all get drunk" and just "the island", as well as the descriptive phrase whirlpool at Hellgate. Maps Manhattan
History
Colonial era
The area that is now Manhattan has long been inhabited by Native Americans Lenape. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano - sailing to serve King Francis I of France - became the first documented European to visit the area that would become New York City. He enters the tidal channel now known as The Narrows and names the land around Upper New York Harbor "New AngoulÃÆ'ªme", referring to the family name of King Francis I of Angoule in France; he sailed far enough into the harbor to see the Hudson River, which he referred to in his report to the king of France as "the great river"; and he named the Santa Margarita Bay - now the Upper New York Bay - after Marguerite de Navarre, the king's sister.
Just after the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, the territory was mapped. Hudson came to Manhattan Island and the indigenous people who lived there in 1609, and went on a river that would later bear his name, the Hudson River, until he arrived at the present location of Albany.
The permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch feather trade settlement on the Governors Island. In 1625, the construction began at Fort Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, then called New Amsterdam ( Nieuw Amsterdam), in what is now Lower Manhattan. The formation of Fort Fort Amsterdam in 1625 at the southern tip of Manhattan Island was recognized as the birthplace of New York City.
According to a letter by Pieter Janszoon Schagen, Peter Minuit and Dutch colonists acquired Manhattan on May 24, 1626, from unnamed Native Americans, believed to have been Canarsee Indians of Lenape, in exchange for trade goods worth 60 guilders , is often said to be worth US $ 24. The figure of 60 guilders is derived from a letter by representatives of the Dutch Estates General and a member of the board of the West Indies Company, Pieter Janszoon Schagen, to the Estates General in November 1626. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the rate of Fl 60 (or 60 guilders) to US $ 23. "[A] variable-level myths are a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars," as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace commented in their history in New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 valued about $ 1,000 in 2006, according to the Institute for Social History of Amsterdam. Based on the silver price, author Straight Dope Cecil Adams calculates the equivalent of $ 72 in 1992. Historians James and Michelle Nevius review the problem in 2014, suggesting that using beer prices and brandy as monetary equivalence, the price paid Minuit will have purchasing power between $ 2,600 and $ 15,600 in current dollars. According to author Nathaniel Benchley, Minuit made transactions with Seyseys, the chief of the Canarsees, who were willing to accept valuable items instead of the island largely controlled by Weckquaesgeeks.
In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed the last Dutch Director-General of the colony. New Amsterdam was officially established as a city on 2 February 1653. In 1664, the British conquered New Netherland and renamed it "New York" after the Duke of England York and Albany, the future King James II. The Netherlands, under the director general of Stuyvesant, managed to negotiate with Britain to produce 24 transitional articles whilst attempting to retain existing New Netherland citizens, their previous freedoms (including religious freedom) under the new British colonial rule.
The Republic of the Netherlands recaptured the city in August 1673, changing its name to "New Orange". The new Netherlands was eventually handed over to England in November 1674 through the Westminster Agreement, in return for Run Island, which was the last coveted relationship in the Dutch nutmeg trade monopoly in Indonesia.
American and early American Revolution
Manhattan was the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of major battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to leave Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on 16 November 1776. The city, badly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the center of British military and political operations in North America for the rest of the war. The military center for the colonists was established in New Jersey. The British occupation lasted until 25 November 1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, when the last British troops left the city.
From January 11, 1785, until the fall of 1788, New York City was the fifth of five US capitals under the Confederation Budget, with a Continental Congress meeting at New York City Hall (later at Fraunces Tavern). New York was the first capital under the newly enacted United States Constitution, from March 4, 1789, to August 12, 1790, at the Federal Hall. Federal Hall is also the place where the United States Supreme Court meets for the first time, the US Bill on Human Rights is drafted and ratified, and where the Northwest Ordinance is adopted, sets out measures to add new states to the Union.
19th century
New York grew as an economic hub, first as a result of the policies and practices of Alexander Hamilton as the first Minister of Finance and, later, with the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, connecting the Atlantic ports to the vast agricultural market. The Central West of the United States and Canada. In 1810, New York City, then limited to Manhattan, had surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States.
Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party's political machine, began to grow in influence with the support of many Irish immigrants, culminating in the election of Tammany's first mayor, Fernando Wood, in 1854. Tammany Hall dominated local politics for decades. Central Park, which opened to the public in 1858, became the first public park in the city of America.
The city of New York played a complex role in the American Civil War. The city's strong commercial relationship with the southern United States exists for various reasons, including industrial power in the Hudson River harbor, which allows for trade with cessation such as West Point Foundry, one of the major manufacturing operations in the early United States; and the Atlantic Ocean port of the city, making New York City the center of American power in terms of industrial trade between the northern and southern United States. The growing population of immigrants in New York, mostly from Germany and Ireland, began in the late 1850s to include the waves of Italians and Central and Eastern European Jews flowing en masse. Anger arises about conscription, with hatred for those who can afford to pay $ 300 to avoid a service that leads to hatred against Lincoln's war policy and inflames paranoia about free blacks who take on poor immigrant jobs, culminating in the New York riots for three days. July 1863. This great unrest occurred among the worst incidents of civil disturbance in American history, with an estimated 119 participants and passers-by slaughtered.
The level of immigration from Europe grew sharply after the Civil War, and Manhattan became the first stop for millions of people seeking new life in the United States, a role recognized by the Statue of Liberty's dedication on October 28, 1886, a gift from the French people. New European immigrations bring further social turmoil. In a town of tenements lined with low-paid workers from dozens of countries, the city became a hotbed of revolution (including anarchists and communists among others), syndicalism, extortion, and unity.
In 1883, the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge formed a road connection to Brooklyn, across the East River. In 1874 the western part of Bronx County was now moved to New York County from Westchester County, and in 1895 the remnants of the now-annexed Bronx County. In 1898, when New York City was consolidated with three neighboring districts to form the "Greater City of New York", Manhattan and the Bronx, though still a district, were established as two separate districts. On January 1, 1914, the New York State Legislature created the Bronx County, and New York County was reduced to its present limit.
20th century
The construction of the New York City Subway, which opened in 1904, helped tie the new city together, just as an additional bridge to Brooklyn. In the 1920s Manhattan experienced the great African-American arrival as part of the Great Migration of the southern United States, and the Harlem Renaissance, part of a larger boom time in the Prohibition era which included new skyscrapers competing for the horizon. The city of New York became the world's most populous city in 1925, overtaking London, which had ruled for a century. The white ethnic group of Manhattan's majority declined from 98.7% in 1900 to 58.3% in 1990.
On March 25, 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in Greenwich Village killed 146 garment workers. The disaster eventually led to the improvement of city fire departments, building codes, and workplace regulations.
The period between World War saw the election of reformist mayor Fiorello La Guardia and the fall of Tammany Hall after 80 years of political dominance. As the demographic of the city stabilizes, the union brings new protection and prosperity to the working class, city government and infrastructure undergoing a dramatic overhaul under La Guardia. Despite the Great Depression, some of the world's tallest skyscrapers were completed in Manhattan during the 1930s, including many of the Art Deco works that are still part of the city's skyline, especially the Empire State Building, Chrysler Building, and GE Building.
Returning World War II veterans created a postwar economic boom, which led to the development of large residential developments targeted at returning veterans, the largest being Peter Cooper-Stuyvesant Town Village, which opened in 1947. In 1951-1952, the United Nations moved to the new headquarters on the East Side of Manhattan.
The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous and violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against police attacks that occurred in the early hours of the morning of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village neighborhood in Lower Manhattan. They are widely regarded as the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern struggle for LGBT rights in the United States.
In the 1970s, losing work due to industrial restructuring led New York City, including Manhattan, to suffer economic problems and rising crime rates. While the revival in the financial industry greatly improved the health of the city's economy in the 1980s, New York's crime rates continued to increase over the decade and into the early 1990s.
The 1980s saw the rebirth of Wall Street, and Manhattan reclaimed its role in the center of the world's financial industry. The 1980s also saw Manhattan at the heart of the AIDS crisis, with Greenwich Village in its epicenter. Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC) and AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) organizations were established to advocate on behalf of those affected by the disease.
In 1990 the crime rate began to decline dramatically because of a revised police strategy, increasing economic opportunities, gentrification, and new residents, both American transplants and new immigrants from Asia and Latin America. The murder rate that had reached 2,245 in 1990 fell to 537 in 2008, and crack epidemics and drug-related violence were under greater control. The population's flow changed, as the city once again became the destination of immigrants from around the world, joining low interest rates and Wall Street bonuses to drive the growth of the real estate market. Important new sectors, such as Silicon Alley, appear in the Manhattan economy.
21st century
On September 11, 2001, two of the four hijacked planes were flown to Twin Towers from the original World Trade Center, and the towers collapsed. 7 World Trade Center collapsed due to fire and structural damage caused by heavy debris that fell from the collapse of the Twin Towers. Other buildings inside the World Trade Center complex were damaged and repaired after being demolished. The collapse of the Twin Towers caused widespread damage to buildings and other skyscrapers in Lower Manhattan, and resulted in the death of 2,606 people, in addition to those on board. Since 2001, most of Manhattan has been restored, despite controversy surrounding rebuilding. Many rescue workers and residents of the area developed several life-threatening illnesses that have caused some of their subsequent deaths. A memorial on the site opened to the public on September 11, 2011, and the museum opened in 2014. In 2014, the new One World Trade Center, at 1,776 feet (541 m) and formerly known as the Freedom Tower, became the tallest building in the western hemisphere , while other skyscrapers are being built on site.
The Occupy Wall Street protest at Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan begins on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and generating the Occupy movement against social and economic imbalances around the world.
On 29 and 30 October 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused massive damage to the area, damaging Lower Manhattan with high storm surges from New York Harbor, massive floods and strong winds, causing power outages for hundreds of thousands of townspeople. and lead to scarcity of gasoline and disruption of mass transportation systems. The storm and its profound impact have prompted discussions about building sea walls and other coastal obstacles around the city's coastline and metropolitan areas to minimize the risk of damaging consequences of such other events in the future. About 15 percent of boroughs are considered to be in the flood risk zone.
On October 31, 2017, a terrorist picked up a rented pickup truck and deliberately rode a bicycle along the West Side Highway in Lower Manhattan, killing eight people and injuring a dozen others before crashing into a school bus.
Geography
Components
Borough consists of Manhattan Island, Marble Hill, and several smaller islands, including Randalls Island and Wards Island, and Roosevelt Island on the East River, and Governors Island and Liberty Island to the south in New York Harbor.
According to the US Census Bureau, New York County has a total area of ​​33.6 square miles (87 km 2 ), which is 22.8 square miles (59 km 2 ) and 10.8 square miles (28 km 2 ) (32%) are water. The northern Upper Manhattan segment represents the geographic panhandle. Manhattan Island is 22.7 square miles (59 km 2 ) in the area, 13.4 miles (21.6 km) in length and 2.3 miles (3.7 km) wide, at the widest ( near 14th Street).
Manhattan Island
The island of Manhattan is loosely divided into Downtown (Lower Manhattan), Midtown (Midtown Manhattan), and Uptown (Upper Manhattan), with Fifth Avenue dividing east and west side of Manhattan. The island of Manhattan is bordered by the Hudson River to the west and the East River to the east. To the north, the Harlem River divides Manhattan Island from the Bronx and the mainland of the United States.
At the beginning of the 19th century, TPA was used to expand Lower Manhattan from the natural Hudson coastline on Greenwich Street to West Street. When building the World Trade Center in 1968, 1.2 million cubic yards (917,000 mÃ,³) of material was excavated from the site. Instead of throwing rubbish at sea or in landfills, filling materials are used to expand the Manhattan coastline on West Street, creating Battery Park City, The result is a 700-foot (210-m) extension to the river, running six blocks or 1,484 feet (452 â € <â € <), covering 92 hectares (37 ha), providing 1,200 km of riverside seafront and over 30 hectares (12 hectares) of parks; Hudson River Park then opened gradually starting in 1998.
Marble Hill
One of the New York County neighborhoods adjacent to the US mainland - Marble Hill at one time was part of Manhattan Island, but the Harlem River Shipbuilding, dug in 1895 to improve navigation in Harlem River, separated it from the rest of Manhattan as an island between the Bronx and the rest Manhattan. Before World War I, part of the original Harlem River channel that separated Marble Hill from The Bronx was filled, and Marble Hill became part of the mainland.
Marble Hill is one example of how Manhattan land has been largely altered by human intervention. Borough has seen large land reclamations along its waters since Dutch colonial times, and many natural variations in topography have been likened.
Smaller island
In New York Harbor, there are three small islands:
- Ellis Island, share with New Jersey
- Island Governor
- Liberty Island
Other small islands, on the East River, include (from north to south):
- Randalls and Wards Islands, joined the landfill
- Mill Rock
- Roosevelt Island
- U Thant Island (legally Belmont Island)
Geology
Basem
The bedrock underlying Manhattan is a mica schist known as Manhattan schist. It is a powerful and competent metamorphic rock created when Pangea is formed. It is perfect for the foundations of tall buildings. In Central Park, Manhattan Schist outcrops occur and Rat Rock is one of the bigger examples.
Geologically, the dominant feature of Manhattan's substrata is that its underlying rock bottom is rising much closer to the surface near Midtown Manhattan, dropping lower between 29th Street and Canal Street, then rising again in Lower Manhattan. It has been widely believed that depth to bedrock is the main reason for the grouping of skyscrapers in the Midtown and Financial District areas, and their absence of intervention areas between these two areas. However, research has shown that economic factors play a larger part in the location of these skyscrapers.
updated seismic analysis
According to the US Geological Survey, a recent analysis of seismic hazards in July 2014 revealed a "slightly lower harm to high buildings" in Manhattan than previously assessed. Scientists estimate this reduced risk is based on a lower-than-expected probability of slow shocks near New York City, which would be more likely to cause damage to structures higher than earthquakes around the city.
Location
Nearby district
- Bergen County, New Jersey - west and northwest
- Hudson County, New Jersey - west and southwest
- Bronx County (The Bronx) - north and northeast
- Queens County (Queens) - east
- Kings County (Brooklyn) - south and southeast
- Richmond County (Staten Island) - southwest
National protected area
- African Funeral National Monument
- Castle Clinton National Monument
- Federal National Hall Monument
- General Commemoration of the National Fund
- Governor's National Monument
- Hamilton Grange National Memorial
- East Side Lower Tenement National Historic Site
- Statue of Liberty National Monument (section)
- Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site
Nearby Areas
Many of the Manhattan neighborhoods are not named in accordance with certain conventions. Some are geographical (Upper East Side), or descriptively ethnic (Little Italy). Others are acronyms, such as TriBeCa (for "TRIangle BElow CAnal Street") or SoHo ("SOuth of HOuston"), or much newer vintages NoLIta ("NOth of Little ITAly"). and NoMad ("NOrth of MADison Square Park"). Harlem was the name of the Dutch colonial era after Haarlem, a city in the Netherlands. The city of Alphabet consists of Avenues A, B, C, and D, whose names refer. Some have simple folkloric names, such as Hell's Kitchen, in addition to their more official but less used titles (in this case, Clinton).
Some neighborhoods, such as SoHo, which is a mixed use, are known for high-end shopping as well as residential use. Others, such as Greenwich Village, the Lower East Side, Alphabet City and the East Village, have long been associated with the Bohemian subculture. Chelsea is one of several Manhattan neighborhoods with a large gay population and has become the center of the international art industry and New York nightlife. Washington Heights is the ultimate destination for immigrants from the Dominican Republic. Chinatown has the highest concentration of Chinese descent outside Asia. Koreatown is roughly bounded by 6th and Madison Avenues, between 31 and 33rd Street, where Hangul (??) signage is everywhere. Rose Hill features more and more Indian restaurants and spice shops along the stretch of Lexington Avenue between 25 and 30 Street known as Curry Hill .
In Manhattan, the city center means north (more precisely north-northeast, which is the direction of the island and its road-oriented network system) and the city center means south (southwest). This usage differs from most cities in America, where the city center refers to the central business district. Manhattan has two business district districts, the Financial District on the southern tip of the island, and Midtown Manhattan. The term uptown also refers to the northern part of Manhattan above 72nd Street and downtown to the south below 14th Street, with Midtown covering the area. in between, although the definition can be somewhat fluid depending on the situation.
Fifth Avenue roughly divides the two Manhattan islands and acts as a demarcation line for the east/west (eg East 27th Street, West 42nd Street); Street address starts on Fifth Avenue and up from Fifth Avenue, at 100 speeds per block on most roads. South of Waverly Place, Fifth Avenue ends and Broadway becomes the east/west demarcation line. Although the grid begins with 1st Street, just north of Houston Street (the southernmost path is divided into western and eastern parts, pronounced HOW-stin), the grid does not fully hold up to north 14th Street, where almost all east-west streets are identified numerically, rising from south to north to 220th Street, the island's tallest highway. The streets in Midtown are usually one-way, with some exceptions that are generally the busiest urban streets (14, 23, 34, 42 and 42 Streets, for example), which are two-way across the width of Manhattan Island. The rule is that odd-numbered roads run west, while even-numbered roads run east.
Climate
Under the KÃÆ'¶ppen climatic classification, using 0 Â ° C (32 Â ° F) isotherms, New York City has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ), and thus is the northernmost main city in the Americas North with this categorization. The northern and western edges lie in the transition zone between humid and humid subtropical climates ( Dfa ). The city averages 234 days with at least some sunshine every year. The city is located in the USDA 7b factory resilient zone.
Winter is cold and humid, and the prevailing wind patterns that eliminate the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; but the Atlantic and partial shields from the cold air by the Appalachian keep the city warmer in the winter than the inland cities of North America at the same or lower latitudes as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis. The average daily temperature in January, the coldest month in the area, was 32.6  ° F (0.3  ° C); temperatures typically drop to 10 ° F (-12 ° C) several times per winter, and reach 60 ° F (16 ° C) a few days in the coldest winter months. Spring and fall are unpredictable and can range from cold to warm, though usually mild with low humidity. Summer is usually warm to hot and humid, with a daily average temperature of 76.5 ° F (24.7 ° C) in July. Night conditions are often exacerbated by the phenomenon of urban heat islands, while daytime temperatures exceed 90Ã, ° F (32Ã,  ° C) averaging 17 days each summer and in a few years exceeding 100Ã, ° F (38Ã, ° C). Extreme temperatures have ranged from -15  ° F (-26  ° C), recorded on February 9, 1934, to 106  ° F (41  ° C) on 9 July 1936.
The summer night temperatures are elevated by the urban heat island effect, which causes the heat absorbed during the day to be re-emitted at night, raising the temperature by 7 ° F (4 ° C) when the wind is slow. Manhattan receives 49.9 inches (1,270 mm) of rainfall annually, which is relatively even throughout the year. The average of winter snow between 1981 and 2010 was 25.8 inches (66 cm); this varies from year to year.
Boroughscapes
Demografi
In the 2010 Census, there were 1,585,873 people living in Manhattan, up 3.2% since 2000. Since 2010, the Manhattan population estimated by the Census Bureau has increased 5.0% to 1,664,727 by 2017, representing 19.3% of New York City population 8,622,698 and 8.4% of the New York State population of 19,849,399. The Census 2017 estimate, the population density of New York County is about 72,918 people per square mile (28,154/km²), the highest population density of any region in the United States. In 1910, at the peak of European immigration to New York, Manhattan densities peaked at 101,548 people per square mile (39,208/km²).
According to the 2012 Census estimate, 65.2% of the population is White, 18.4% Black or African American, 1.2% American Indian and Alaskan Native, 12.0% Asian, and 3.1% of two or more races. 25.8% of the Manhattan population is of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race. Manhattan had the second-highest percentage of non-Hispanic whites (48%) of the New York City boroughs, after Staten Island (64%).
In 2006, the New York City Department of Planning projected that the population of Manhattan would increase by 289,000 between 2000 and 2030, up 18.8% over the period. However, since then, Lower Manhattan has experienced a baby boom, well above the overall birthrate in Manhattan, with southern Canal Street witnessing 1,086 births in 2010, 12% more than in 2009 and more than twice the number born in 2001 The District of Finance itself has seen its population grow to around 43,000 by 2014, almost double the 23,000 recorded in the 2000 Census. Manhattan's southern end became the fastest growing part of New York City between 1990 and 2014.
According to the 2009 US Society Survey, the average household size is 2.11, and the average family size is 3.21. Approximately 59.4% of the population over the age of 25 has a bachelor's degree or higher. About 27.0% of the population is born overseas, and 61.7% of the population above the age of 5 years only speak English at home. The people of Irish descent make up 7.8% of the population, while the Italian Americans make up 6.8% of the population. German American and Russian Americans make up 7.2% and 6.2% of their respective populations.
Manhattan is one of the highest earning spots in the United States with a population of over one million. By 2012, Manhattan's living costs are the highest in the United States, but the region also contains the country's deepest inequality of incomes. Manhattan is also the region of the United States with the highest per capita income, being the only region whose per capita income exceeds $ 100,000 in 2010. However, from the New York County 2011-2015 Census data, per capita income is recorded in 2015 dollars as $ 64,993 , with average household income at $ 72,871, and poverty at 17.6%. In 2012, The New York Times reported that inequality is higher than in most developing countries, states, "The richest fifth of Manhattan makes up more than 40 times what the fifth lows reported, a widening gap (the is 38 times, the previous year) surpassed by only a few developing countries ".
Religion
Manhattan is very diverse. In 2000, the largest religious affiliation was the Catholic Church, whose followers comprised 564,505 people (over 36% of the population) and retained 110 trials. Jews comprise the second largest religious group, with 314,500 people (20.5%) in 102 hearings. They were followed by Protestants, with 139,732 followers (9.1%) and Muslims, with 37,078 (2.4%). Other religious affiliations including Hinduism, as well as Atheism and religion, comprise most of the rest.
Language
In 2010, 59.98% (902,267) inhabitants of Manhattan, aged five and above, only speak English at home, while 23.07% (347,033) speak Spanish, 5.33% (80,240) Chinese, 2.03 French, 0.78% (11,517) Russian, 0.72% (10,788) Korean, 0.70% (10,496) German, 0.66% (9,868) Italian, 0.64% (9,555) Hebrew, and 0.48% (7,158) speak African at home. In total, 40.02% (602,058) of Manhattan residents, aged five and above, speak a language other than English at home.
Landmarks and architecture
Broadway and Theater District surround Times Square, Central Park, Chinatown, Chrysler Building, Columbia University, Empire State Building, Flatiron Building, Fulton Center, Grand Central Station, Harlem, High Line, Koreatown, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Little Italy, Madison Square Garden, Mile Museum on Fifth Avenue, New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, University of New York and Washington Square Arch at Greenwich Village, One World Trade Center, Penn Station, Port Authority Bus Terminal, Radio City Music Hall, Rockefeller Center , Stonewall Inn, Trump Tower, gateway to many iconic river crossings, and a number of super skyscrapers, all located on crowded Manhattan Island; The Statue of Liberty rests on a pedestal on Liberty Island, the exclusively Manhattan exclave. Borough has many energy-efficient green office buildings, such as the Hearst Tower, 7 rebuilt World Trade Center, and Bank of America Tower - the first skyscraper designed to achieve LEED Platinum Certification.
Architectural history
Skyscrapers, which make up the horizon typical of Manhattan, have been closely associated with New York City identity since the late 19th century. From 1890 to 1973, the tallest building title in the world continued to dwell in Manhattan (with a gap between 1901 and 1908, when it was held by Philadelphia City Hall), with nine different buildings holding the title. The New York World Building in Park Row, the first to take the title in 1890, stood 309 feet (94 m) until 1955, when it was destroyed to build a new road to the Brooklyn Bridge. The nearby Park Row Building, with 29 storeys tall as 391 feet (119 m) took the title in 1899. The 41-Singer Building, built in 1908 as the headquarters of a reputable sewing machine factory, stands 612 feet (187 m). high until 1967, when it became the tallest building ever destroyed. The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, standing 700 feet (210 m) at the foot of Madison Avenue, won the title in 1909, with a tower reminiscent of St. Mark's Campanile in Venice. The Woolworth Building, and distinctive Gothic architecture, took the title in 1913, topping off at 792 feet (241 m). Structures such as the 1915 Adil Building, which rose vertically forty stories from the sidewalks, pushed the passage of the 1916 Zoning Resolution, which required new buildings to step back progressively at an angle determined from the path as they rose, to preserve the view. sky on the road surface.
The Roaring Twenties see the race to the sky, with three separate buildings chasing the world's highest titles in a span of one year. As the stock market surged in the days before Wall Street Crash in 1929, two developers competed for the crown. At 927 feet (283 m), 40 Wall Street, completed in May 1930 in just eleven months as the Bank of Manhattan headquarters, appears to have secured the title. On Lexington Avenue and 42nd Street, automotive executive Walter Chrysler and his architect, William Van Alen, developed plans to construct a secret 185-foot (56 m) tower structure, pushing the Chrysler Building to 1,046 feet (319 m) and making it the highest in the world when completed in 1929. Both buildings were soon surpassed by the completion of May 1931 of the 102-story Empire State Building with an Art Deco tower reaching 1,250 feet (380 m) at the top of the building. The highest peak of 203-feet (62 m) was then added so that the total height of the building became 1,453 ft (443 m).
The former World Trade Center Twin Towers are located in Lower Manhattan. At 1,368 and 1,362 feet (417 and 415 m), 110-storey buildings were the highest in the world from 1972 until they were surpassed by the construction of the Willis Tower in 1974 (formerly known as the Sears Tower, located in Chicago). One World Trade Center, the successor of the World Trade Center Twin Towers, is currently the tallest building in the western hemisphere.
In 1961, the Pennsylvania Railroad unveiled plans to tear down the old Penn Station and replace it with Madison Square Garden and a new complex office building. Organized protests aimed at preserving McKim, Mead & amp; The white designed structure was completed in 1910, widely regarded as the work of Beaux-Arts style and one of New York City's architectural gems. Despite these efforts, the demolition of structures began in October 1963. The disappearance of Penn Station - called "the act of irresponsible public vandalism" by historian Lewis Mumford - led directly to the enactment of local law in 1965 establishing the New York City Landmark Preservation Commission, which is responsible for preserving "the history of the city, aesthetics, and cultural heritage". The historic preservation movement triggered by the death of Penn Station has been credited with retention of about one million national structures, including nearly 1,000 in New York City. By 2017, a multibillion-dollar rebuilding plan was inaugurated to restore Penn Station's historic splendor, in the process of enhancing landmark status as an important transportation hub.
Parkland
Parkland comprises 17.8% of the borough, covering a total of 2,686 hectares (10.87 km 2 ). Central Park is bordered to the north by West 110th Street, west by Eighth Avenue, south by West 59th Street, and east by Fifth Avenue. Along the park's border, these roads are commonly referred to as Central Park North, Central Park West, and Central Park South, respectively (Fifth Avenue maintains its name along the eastern border). The park was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux. The 843-acre park (3.41Ã, km 2 ) offers extensive walkways, two ice skating rinks, a wildlife sanctuary, and a grassy area used for a variety of sporting activities, as well as a playground for children. This park is a popular oasis for migratory birds, and is therefore popular among bird watchers. A 6-mile (9.7 km) road that surrounds popular parks with runners, cyclists and inline skaters, especially on weekends and at night after 07:00, when motor vehicle traffic is prohibited. Although most of the parks look natural, almost entirely is a park and contains several artificial lakes. The construction of Central Park in the 1850s was one of the largest public works projects of the time. About 20,000 workers made topography to create the English-style pastoral landscape that Olmsted and Vaux are trying to create. Workers moved nearly 3,000,000 cubic meters (2,300,000 m 3 ) soil and planted more than 270,000 trees and bushes.
Nearly 70% of Manhattan's parked space is located outside Central Park, including 204 playgrounds, 251 Greenstreets, 371 basketball courts, and many other facilities. The African National Monument at Duane Street maintains a site containing the remains of more than 400 Africans buried during the 17th and 18th centuries. Remnants were discovered in 1991 during the construction of the Foley Square Federal Office Building.
Economy
Manhattan is a New York City economic engine, with 2.3 million workers in 2007 drawn from all of New York's metropolitan area which accounts for nearly two-thirds of all jobs in New York City. In the first quarter of 2014, the average weekly wage in Manhattan (New York County) was $ 2,749, representing the highest number among major countries in the United States. Manhattan's labor is heavily focused on the white-collar profession, with manufacturing almost extinct. Manhattan also has the highest per capita income from any region in the United States.
In 2010, the daytime population in Manhattan swelled to 3.94 million, with the commuter adding 1.48 million inhabitants to the population, along with visitors, tourists, and traveling students. The entry of commuters from 1.61 million workers into Manhattan is the largest of any county or city in the country, and more than triples 480,000 commuters that leads to second-ranked Washington, D.C.
Financial sector
The most important economic sector in Manhattan lies in its role as a base for the US financial industry, known as Wall Street. The borough securities industry, citing 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the financial sector of the city and an important economic engine for Manhattan, accounting for 2012 for 5 percent of private sector jobs in New York City, 8.5 percent (US). $ 3.8 billion) of urban tax revenue, and 22 percent of the total city wage, including an average salary of US $ 360,700. The investment cost of Wall Street banking in 2012 is around US $ 40 billion, while in 2013, senior New York City bank officials who manage risk and compliance functions earn as much as US $ 324,000 per year.
Lower Manhattan is home to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), on Wall Street, and NASDAQ, at 165 Broadway, represents the largest and second largest stock market in the world, respectively, when measured both by the overall value of stock trading and by the total market capitalization of their listed companies in 2013. NYSE MKT (formerly American Stock Exchange, AMEX), the New York Trade Council, and the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) are also located in the city center. In July 2013, NYSE Euronext, operator of the New York Stock Exchange, took over the administration of the London interbank tariffs offered from the British Bankers Association.
Enterprise sector
New York City is home to corporate headquarters in any city in the United States, a large majority based in Manhattan. Manhattan has over 500 million square feet (46.5 million m 2 ) of office space by 2015, making it the largest office market in the United States, while Midtown Manhattan, with nearly 400 million square feet (37, 2 million m 2 ) by 2015, is the largest business district districts in the world.
In 2013, the global advertising agency Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group, both based in Manhattan, have combined annual revenues of approximately US $ 21 billion, reflecting the role of New York City as the top global center for the advertising industry, metonymously called "Madison Avenue".
Technology sector
Silicon Alley, based in Manhattan, has evolved into a metonym for a sphere that includes high-tech industries in the New York City metropolitan area, including the Internet, new media, telecommunications, digital media, software development, biotechnology, game design, financial technology > fintech ), and other areas of information technology supported by the entrepreneurial ecosystem and venture capital investment in the area. In 2014, New York City hosted 300,000 employees in the technology sector. By 2015, Silicon Alley generated over US $ 7.3 billion in venture capital investment, mostly based in Manhattan, as well as in Brooklyn, Queens, and elsewhere in the region. Startup companies and high-tech companies grew up in Manhattan and in New York City, backed by the emergence of the city as a global knot of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance, and environmental sustainability, as well as the position of New York as a leading Internet and telecommunication center in North America, for several transatlantic fiber-optic cable lines, the city's intellectual capital, and extensive wireless broadband connectivity. Verizon Communications, headquartered at 140 West Street in Lower Manhattan, is in the final stages of 2014 to complete upgrades of $ 3 billion worth of fiber optic telecommunications throughout New York City. In October 2014, New York City hosted 300,000 employees in the technology sector, with a significant proportion in Manhattan.
The biotech sector also grows in Manhattan based on the city's strengths in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. In mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech investment company, has raised more than US $ 30 million from investors, including Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, and Johnson & amp; Johnson, for initial funding to make biotechnology startup at the Alexandria Science Center, which covers over 700,000 square feet (65,000 m 2 ) on East 29th Street and promotes collaboration between scientists and entrepreneurs at the center and with the nearest academic, medical, and research institutions. New York City Corporation's Initial Phase Financing initiatives and venture capital partners, including Celgene, General Electric Ventures and Eli Lilly, are committed to a minimum of US $ 100 million to help launch 15 to 20 businesses in life sciences and biotechnology. In 2011, Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg has announced his choice to Cornell University and the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a US $ 2 billion applied graduate science school in Roosevelt Island, Manhattan, with the goal of turning New York City into the world's premier technology capital.
Tourism
Tourism is vital to Manhattan's economy, and Manhattan landmarks are the focus of New York City tourists, naming an eighth annual record of 62.8 million visitors in 2017. According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold about US $ 1.27 billion tickets in the 2013-2014 season, an increase of 11.4% from US $ 1.139 billion in the 2012-2013 season; attendance in 2013-2014 reached 12.21 million, representing a 5.5% increase from the 2012-2013 season of 11.57 million. As of June 2016, Manhattan has nearly 91,500 hotel rooms, 26% from 2010.
Real estate
Real estate is a major force in the Manhattan economy, and indeed the city, as the total value of all New York City properties is valued at US $ 914.8 billion for fiscal year 2015. Manhattan has been home to some of the world's most precious real estate and real estate , including Time Warner Center, which had the highest market value in the city in 2006 with US $ 1.1 billion, to be further exceeded in October 2014 by Waldorf Astoria New York, which became the most expensive hotel ever sold after it was purchased by Anbang Insurance Group , based in China, for US $ 1.95 billion . When 450 Park Avenue was sold on July 2, 2007, for US $ 510 million, about US $ 1,589 per square foot (US $ 17,104/mÃ,²), it broke a record barely a month for an American office building of US $ 1,476 per foot square (US $ 15,887/m²) based on sales of 660 Madison Avenue. By 2014, Manhattan is home to six of the top ten zip codes in the United States at average home prices.
Manhattan has approximately 520 million square feet (48.1 million m²) of office space by 2013, making it the largest office market in the United States. Midtown Manhattan is the largest business district in the state by office space, while Lower Manhattan is the third largest (after the Chicago Loop).
Media
News
Manhattan is served by major New York City daily newspaper publications, including The New York Times, New York Daily News, and New York Post, all of which headquartered in the borough. The largest national newspaper with circulation, The Wall Street Journal , is also based there. Other daily newspapers include AM New York and The Villager . The New York Amsterdam News , based in Harlem, is one of America's leading American weekly newspapers in the United States. The Village Voice , historically the largest alternative newspaper in the United States, announces in 2017 that it will stop publishing its print edition and turn it into a fully digital enterprise.
Television, radio, movies
The television industry is flourishing in Manhattan and is a significant employer in the borough economy. The four major broadcast networks of America, ABC, NBC, CBS, and Fox, and Univision, all headquartered in Manhattan, like many cable channels, including MSNBC, MTV, Fox News, HBO and Comedy Central. In 1971, WLIB became the first black radio station in New York and started broadcasting directed to the African-American community in 1949. WQHT, also known as Hot 97, claims to be the premier hip-hop station in United States of America. WNYC, which consists of AM and FM signals, has the largest public radio audience in the country and is Manhattan's most-visited commercial or non-commercial radio station. WBAI, with news and information programs, is one of the few socialist radio stations operating in the United States.
The oldest public access cable television channel in the United States is the Manhattan Neighborhood Network, founded in 1971, offering an eclectic local program ranging from jazz hours to discussions on labor issues to foreign languages ​​and religious programs. NY1, Time Warner Cable's local news channel, known for its coverage of City Hall and state politics.
Education
Education in Manhattan is provided by a large number of public and private institutions. Public schools in the area are operated by the New York City Department of Education, the largest public school system in the United States. Charter schools include Success Academy Harlem 1 through 5, Upper West Success Academy, and Public Prep.
Some high schools in New York City are located in Manhattan, including Beacon High School, Stuyvesant High School, Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School, Fashion Industry College, Eleanor Roosevelt High School, NYC Lab School, Manhattan Center for Science and Mathematics, Schools High Hunter College, and Secondary School for Mathematics, Science and Engineering at City College. Bard High School Early College, a mixed school founded by Bard College, serves students from all over the city.
Many private preparatory schools are also located in Manhattan, including the Brearley Upper East Side School, Dalton School, Browning School, Spence School, Chapin School, Nightingale-Bamford School, Sacred Heart Monastery, Hewitt School, Saint David School, Loyola School and Regis High School. The Upper West Side is home to the Collegiate School and Trinity School. This area is also home to Manhattan Country School and United Nations International School.
Based on data from the 2011-2015 Community Community Survey, 59.9% of Manhattan residents over the age of 25 have undergraduate degrees. In 2005, about 60% of the population was college graduates and about 25% had earned a high degree, giving Manhattan one of the nation's densest concentrations of highly educated people.
Manhattan has various colleges and universities, including Columbia University (and its affiliates Barnard College), Cooper Union, Marymount Manhattan College, New York University Institute of Technology (NYU), The Juilliard School, Pace University, Berkeley College, The New School , Yeshiva University, and Fordham University campus. Other schools include Bank Education High School, Boricua College, American Jewish Theological Seminary, Manhattan Music School, New York Metropolitan High School, Parsons Design School, Visual Art School, Touro College and Union Theological Seminary. Several other private institutions maintain the presence of Manhattan, among them Mercy College, St. University. John, College of New Rochelle, The King's College, and Pratt Institute. Cornell Tech thrives on Roosevelt Island.
The City University of New York (CUNY), the college system of New York City, is the largest urban university system in the United States, serving more than 226,000 graduate students and approximately the same number of adult, sustainable and professional education students. A third of college graduates in New York City graduate from CUNY, with an institution that enrolls about half of all students in New York City. CUNY's senior universities located in Manhattan include: Baruch College, City College of New York, Hunter College, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and CUNY Graduate Center (postgraduate studies and doctoral institutions). The only CUNY community college located in Manhattan is the Borough of Manhattan Community College. State University of New York is represented by Fashion Institute of Technology, State University of New York State College of Optometry and Stony Brook University - Manhattan.
Manhattan is a world center for training and medical education and life sciences. The city as a whole received the second highest annual funding amount from the National Institutes of Health among all US cities, mostly going to Manhattan research institutions, including the Sloan-Kettering Memorial Cancer Center, Rockefeller University, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Weill Cornell Medical College, and New York University School of Medicine.
Manhattan is served by the New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of public library systems in the country. Five units of the Central Library - Mid-Manhattan Library, Donnell Central Library, the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Andrew Heiskell Braille and the Talking Book Library, and the Library of Science, Industry and Business - all located in Manhattan. More than 35 other branch libraries are located in the region.
Contemporary culture and life
Manhattan is the district closest to New York City by non-residents; regionally, residents in the New York City metropolitan area, including indigenous people from the New York City area outside of Manhattan, will often describe the trip to Manhattan as "going to the City".
Manhattan has been the site of many important American cultural movements. In 1912, about 20,000 workers, a quarter of them women, marched to Washington Square Park to commemorate the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, which killed 146 workers on March 25, 1911. Many of the women wore matching compacted front blouses as produced by the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, a style of clothing that became the uniform of women workers and symbols of women's liberation, reflecting the alliance of the labor movement and suffrage.
Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s founded the African-American literature canon in the United States and introduced writers Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston. The beauty of Manhattan's visual art in the 1950s and 1960s was the center of the American pop art movement, which spawned such giants as Jasper Johns and Roy Lichtenstein. Pop art movements in the city center in the late 1970s included artist Andy Warhol and clubs like Serendipity 3 and Studio 54, where he socialized.
Broadway theater is often regarded as the highest professional theater form in the United States. Drama and musicals are staged in one of 39 bigger professional theaters with at least 500 seats, almost all in and around Times Square. Off-Broadway Theater features on-site production with 100 to 500 seats. The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, which hosts Lincoln Square on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is home to 12 influential art organizations, including the Metropolitan Opera, New York City Opera, the New York Philharmonic and New York City Ballet, as well as Vivian Beaumont Theater , Juilliard School, Jazz at Lincoln Center, and Alice Tully Hall. The performing artists displaying a variety of skills are everywhere on the streets of Manhattan.
Manhattan is also home to some of the world's most extensive art collections, both contemporary and classical art, including the Metropolitan Art Museum, the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), the Frick Collection, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Guggenheim Museum designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. The Upper East Side has many art galleries, and the downtown neighborhood of Chelsea is known for its more than 200 art galleries that host modern art from upcoming and established artists. Many of the world's most profitable art auctions are held in Manhattan.
Manhattan is the cultural center of LGBT in New York City. Borough is widely recognized as the cradle of the modern LGBTQ rights movement, with its inception in 1969 Stonewall Unrest in Greenwich Village, Lower Manhattan - widely regarded as the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern struggle for LGBT Rights in the United States. Some gay villages have evolved, stretching along the districts of the Lower East Side, East Village, and Greenwich Village, through Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen, downtown to Morningside Heights. The annual pride of the New York City March (or gay pride parade) crosses Fifth Avenue to the south and ends at Greenwich Village; The Manhattan Parade rivals Sao Paulo Gay Pride Parade as the world's largest pride parade, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of street viewers every June.
Borough has a place in some American idioms. The phrase New York minute is meant to deliver very short time such as instant, sometimes in hyperbolic shape, such as "may be faster than you trust," referring to a fast pace of life. in Manhattan. The phrase "melting pot" was first popular to describe the densely populated neighborhoods of the Lower East Side in Israel. The Zangwill Show The Melting Pot , which is an adaptation of William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet set by Zangwill in New York City in 1908. The iconic Flatiron House is said to be a source of expression "23 skidoo" or scram, from what gets tickled
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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